The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the evidence for association between obesity risk outcomes >12 months of age and timing of solid introduction in healthy term infants in developed countries, the large majority of whom are not exclusively breastfed to six months of age. Methods: Studies included we...

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Main Authors:	Lynne Daniels, Kimberley M. Mallan, Alison Fildes, Jacinda Wilson
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Wiley 2015-08-01
Series:	Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
Subjects:	complementary feeding developed countries obesity narrative review
Online Access:	https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12376

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spelling	doaj-3272a6d0e1cc4d7f867916458b35816f2020-11-25T00:35:44ZengWileyAustralian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health1326-02001753-64052015-08-0139436637310.1111/1753-6405.12376The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issuesLynne Daniels0Kimberley M. Mallan1Alison Fildes2Jacinda Wilson3School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologySchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologySchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologySchool of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of TechnologyAbstract Objective: To evaluate the evidence for association between obesity risk outcomes >12 months of age and timing of solid introduction in healthy term infants in developed countries, the large majority of whom are not exclusively breastfed to six months of age. Methods: Studies included were published 1990 to March 2013. Results: Twenty‐six papers with weight status or obesity prevalence outcomes were identified. Studies were predominantly cohort design, most with important methodological limitations. Ten studies reported a positive association. Of these, only two were large, good‐quality studies and both examined the outcome of early (<4 months) introduction of solids. None of the four good‐quality studies that directly evaluated current guidelines provided evidence of any clinically relevant protective effect of solid introduction from 4–5 versus ≥6 months of age. Conclusion: The introduction of solids prior to 4 months of age may result in increased risk of childhood obesity but there is little evidence of adverse weight status outcomes associated with introducing solids at 4–6 rather than at six months. Implications: More and better quality evidence is required to inform guidelines on the ‘when, what and how’ of complementary feeding.https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12376complementary feedingdeveloped countriesobesitynarrative review
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Lynne Daniels Kimberley M. Mallan Alison Fildes Jacinda Wilson
spellingShingle	Lynne Daniels Kimberley M. Mallan Alison Fildes Jacinda Wilson The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health complementary feeding developed countries obesity narrative review
author_facet	Lynne Daniels Kimberley M. Mallan Alison Fildes Jacinda Wilson
author_sort	Lynne Daniels
title	The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues
title_short	The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues
title_full	The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues
title_fullStr	The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues
title_full_unstemmed	The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues
title_sort	timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues
publisher	Wiley
series	Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health
issn	1326-0200 1753-6405
publishDate	2015-08-01
description	Abstract Objective: To evaluate the evidence for association between obesity risk outcomes >12 months of age and timing of solid introduction in healthy term infants in developed countries, the large majority of whom are not exclusively breastfed to six months of age. Methods: Studies included were published 1990 to March 2013. Results: Twenty‐six papers with weight status or obesity prevalence outcomes were identified. Studies were predominantly cohort design, most with important methodological limitations. Ten studies reported a positive association. Of these, only two were large, good‐quality studies and both examined the outcome of early (<4 months) introduction of solids. None of the four good‐quality studies that directly evaluated current guidelines provided evidence of any clinically relevant protective effect of solid introduction from 4–5 versus ≥6 months of age. Conclusion: The introduction of solids prior to 4 months of age may result in increased risk of childhood obesity but there is little evidence of adverse weight status outcomes associated with introducing solids at 4–6 rather than at six months. Implications: More and better quality evidence is required to inform guidelines on the ‘when, what and how’ of complementary feeding.
topic	complementary feeding developed countries obesity narrative review
url	https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-6405.12376
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The timing of solid introduction in an ‘obesogenic’ environment: a narrative review of the evidence and methodological issues

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