FEA and Machine Learning Techniques for Hidden Structure Analysis

• Main Authors: Xijin Shi, Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Roseli Aparecida Francelin Romero
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
• Series: Sensors
• Subjects: finite element analysis; machine learning; root system architecture; non-visible bubble
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/15/5159

This study focuses on investigating and predicting two hidden structures: plant root system architecture and non-visible bubbles in plexiglass. Current approaches are damaging, expensive, or time-consuming. Infrared imaging was used to study the root structure and depth of small plants and to detect the diameter and depth of bubbles in plexiglass. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was built to simulate the infrared imaging process to realize the detection and prediction given the amount of heat flux required to obtain thermal images and data. For the root system, based on a tree structure thermal profile over time derived from the FEA model, a line scan method was developed to predict root structure. The main root branches can be viewed from the detection results. Polynomial regression, support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN) models were designed to predict root depth. For bubble defects, three ANN models were developed to predict bubble size using temperature data generated by the FEA model. Results indicated that these models provide valid predictions. Statistical tests were applied to evaluate and compare the above predictive models. Results suggest that infrared imaging and machine learning models can be used to provide information on both hidden structures.