Quasi Similar Routes of NO₂ and NO Sensing by Nanocrystalline WO₃: Evidence by In Situ DRIFT Spectroscopy

• Main Authors: Lili Yang, Artem Marikutsa, Marina Rumyantseva, Elizaveta Konstantinova, Nikolay Khmelevsky, Alexander Gaskov
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
• Series: Sensors
• Subjects: tungsten oxide; nitric oxide; nitrogen dioxide; gas sensor; paramagnetic sites; DRIFT spectroscopy
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/19/15/3405

Tungsten oxide is a renowned material for resistive type gas sensors with high sensitivity to nitrogen oxides. Most studies have been focused on sensing applications of WO₃ for the detection of NO₂ and a sensing mechanism has been established. However, less is known about NO sensing routes. There is disagreement on whether NO is detected as an oxidizing or reducing gas, due to the ambivalent redox behavior of nitric oxide. In this work, nanocrystalline WO₃ with different particle size was synthesized by aqueous deposition of tungstic acid and heat treatment. A high sensitivity to NO₂ and NO and low cross-sensitivities to interfering gases were established by DC-resistance measurements of WO₃ sensors. Both nitrogen oxides were detected as the oxidizing gases. Sensor signals increased with the decrease of WO₃ particle size and had similar dependence on temperature and humidity. By means of in situ infrared (DRIFT) spectroscopy similar interaction routes of NO₂ and NO with the surface of tungsten oxide were unveiled. Analysis of the effect of reaction conditions on sensor signals and infrared spectra led to the conclusion that the interaction of WO₃ surface with NO was independent of gas-phase oxidation to NO₂.