Secure and Scalable Document Similarity on Distributed Databases: Differential Privacy to the Rescue

• Main Authors: Schoppmann Phillipp, Vogelsang Lennart, Gascón Adrià, Balle Borja
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sciendo 2020-04-01
• Series: Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies
• Subjects: text analysis; document similarity; multi-party computation; differential privacy
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.2478/popets-2020-0024

Privacy-preserving collaborative data analysis enables richer models than what each party can learn with their own data. Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) offers a robust cryptographic approach to this problem, and in fact several protocols have been proposed for various data analysis and machine learning tasks. In this work, we focus on secure similarity computation between text documents, and the application to k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) classification. Due to its non-parametric nature, k-NN presents scalability challenges in the MPC setting. Previous work addresses these by introducing non-standard assumptions about the abilities of an attacker, for example by relying on non-colluding servers. In this work, we tackle the scalability challenge from a different angle, and instead introduce a secure preprocessing phase that reveals differentially private (DP) statistics about the data. This allows us to exploit the inherent sparsity of text data and significantly speed up all subsequent classifications.