Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning.
Theoretical accounts suggest that an alteration in the brain's learning mechanisms might lead to overhasty inferences, resulting in psychotic symptoms. Here, we sought to elucidate the suggested link between maladaptive learning and psychosis. Ninety-eight healthy individuals with varying degre...
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doaj-2fecadb7dee1494ba08a436dafe8af392020-11-25T01:46:02ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Computational Biology1553-734X1553-73582017-01-01131e100532810.1371/journal.pcbi.1005328Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning.Heiner StukeHannes StukeVeith Andreas WeilnhammerKatharina SchmackTheoretical accounts suggest that an alteration in the brain's learning mechanisms might lead to overhasty inferences, resulting in psychotic symptoms. Here, we sought to elucidate the suggested link between maladaptive learning and psychosis. Ninety-eight healthy individuals with varying degrees of delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences performed a probabilistic reasoning task that allowed us to quantify overhasty inferences. Replicating previous results, we found a relationship between psychotic experiences and overhasty inferences during probabilistic reasoning. Computational modelling revealed that the behavioral data was best explained by a novel computational learning model that formalizes the adaptiveness of learning by a non-linear distortion of prediction error processing, where an increased non-linearity implies a growing resilience against learning from surprising and thus unreliable information (large prediction errors). Most importantly, a decreased adaptiveness of learning predicted delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences. Our current findings provide a formal description of the computational mechanisms underlying overhasty inferences, thereby empirically substantiating theories that link psychosis to maladaptive learning.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5249047?pdf=render |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Heiner Stuke Hannes Stuke Veith Andreas Weilnhammer Katharina Schmack |
spellingShingle |
Heiner Stuke Hannes Stuke Veith Andreas Weilnhammer Katharina Schmack Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning. PLoS Computational Biology |
author_facet |
Heiner Stuke Hannes Stuke Veith Andreas Weilnhammer Katharina Schmack |
author_sort |
Heiner Stuke |
title |
Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning. |
title_short |
Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning. |
title_full |
Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning. |
title_fullStr |
Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning. |
title_full_unstemmed |
Psychotic Experiences and Overhasty Inferences Are Related to Maladaptive Learning. |
title_sort |
psychotic experiences and overhasty inferences are related to maladaptive learning. |
publisher |
Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
series |
PLoS Computational Biology |
issn |
1553-734X 1553-7358 |
publishDate |
2017-01-01 |
description |
Theoretical accounts suggest that an alteration in the brain's learning mechanisms might lead to overhasty inferences, resulting in psychotic symptoms. Here, we sought to elucidate the suggested link between maladaptive learning and psychosis. Ninety-eight healthy individuals with varying degrees of delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences performed a probabilistic reasoning task that allowed us to quantify overhasty inferences. Replicating previous results, we found a relationship between psychotic experiences and overhasty inferences during probabilistic reasoning. Computational modelling revealed that the behavioral data was best explained by a novel computational learning model that formalizes the adaptiveness of learning by a non-linear distortion of prediction error processing, where an increased non-linearity implies a growing resilience against learning from surprising and thus unreliable information (large prediction errors). Most importantly, a decreased adaptiveness of learning predicted delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences. Our current findings provide a formal description of the computational mechanisms underlying overhasty inferences, thereby empirically substantiating theories that link psychosis to maladaptive learning. |
url |
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5249047?pdf=render |
work_keys_str_mv |
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