Satellite DNA in Neotropical Deer Species

• Main Authors: Miluse Vozdova, Svatava Kubickova, Natália Martínková, David Javier Galindo, Agda Maria Bernegossi, Halina Cernohorska, Dita Kadlcikova, Petra Musilová, Jose Mauricio Duarte, Jiri Rubes
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-01-01
• Series: Genes
• Subjects: Cervidae; comparative cytogenetics; FISH; satellite DNA; sequencing
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/12/1/123

The taxonomy and phylogenetics of Neotropical deer have been mostly based on morphological criteria and needs a critical revision on the basis of new molecular and cytogenetic markers. In this study, we used the variation in the sequence, copy number, and chromosome localization of satellite I-IV DNA to evaluate evolutionary relationships among eight Neotropical deer species. Using FISH with satI-IV probes derived from <i>Mazama gouazoubira</i>, we proved the presence of satellite DNA blocks in peri/centromeric regions of all analyzed deer. Satellite DNA was also detected in the interstitial chromosome regions of species of the genus <i>Mazama</i> with highly reduced chromosome numbers. In contrast to <i>Blastocerus dichotomus</i>, <i>Ozotoceros bezoarticus</i>, and <i>Odocoileus virginianus</i>, <i>Mazama</i> species showed high abundance of satIV DNA by FISH. The phylogenetic analysis of the satellite DNA showed close relationships between <i>O. bezoarticus</i> and <i>B. dichotomus.</i> Furthermore, the Neotropical and Nearctic populations of <i>O. virginianus</i> formed a single clade. However, the satellite DNA phylogeny did not allow resolving the relationships within the genus <i>Mazama</i>. The high abundance of the satellite DNA in centromeres probably contributes to the formation of chromosomal rearrangements, thus leading to a fast and ongoing speciation in this genus, which has not yet been reflected in the satellite DNA sequence diversification.