Language is embiggened by words that don’t exist: the case of a circumfix
The paper deals with parasynthetic formations combining the prefix en- and the suffix -en, which are sometimes regarded as an example of a circumfix in English. The aim is to find more instances of this pattern than the usual three or four mentioned in the literature (enlighten, embolden, enliven,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | deu |
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Univerzita Karlova, Filozofická fakulta
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Linguistica Pragensia |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://linguisticapragensia.ff.cuni.cz/wp-content/uploads/sites/12/2018/07/Ales_Klegr_53-70.pdf |
| Summary: | The paper deals with parasynthetic formations combining the prefix en- and the suffix -en, which
are sometimes regarded as an example of a circumfix in English. The aim is to find more instances
of this pattern than the usual three or four mentioned in the literature (enlighten, embolden, enliven,
and embiggen). After searching three corpora of several billion words without much success, an experiment
was made to search the Web for hypothetical verb tokens constructed from monosyllabic
adjectives on the pattern provided by the four initial verbs. The search confirmed that more than
a hundred such verbs occur on the Web. The discovery of so many en-Adj-en verbs unacknowledged
in standard reference books is attributed to the effect of big data on the Web; it is assumed that the
en-Adj-en pattern is the type of process whose function is primarily pragmatic, occasion-specific
and discourse-oriented, rather than lexical (i.e. concept labelling). As a result, although the pattern
is available for active use, these formations, after having served their purpose, rarely get beyond the
nonce-word stage, let alone enter the lexicon. |
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| ISSN: | 0862-8432 1805-9635 |