Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions
In this work, a new paired electrolysis procedure is successfully introduced. This is a combination of two different processes: electrochemical water softening (EWS) and electrochemical production of weak acid solutions (EPWA). This paired electrolysis method is tested for hardness removal in a simu...
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doaj-2de8656679ad40529e756d65e29b73e42020-11-24T20:58:39ZengElsevierElectrochemistry Communications1388-24812019-04-011018892Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutionsIgnacio Sanjuán0Vicente García-García1Eduardo Expósito2Vicente Montiel3Grupo de Electroquímica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante 03080, SpainGrupo de Electroquímica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante 03080, SpainGrupo de Electroquímica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante 03080, SpainCorresponding author.; Grupo de Electroquímica Aplicada, Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, Alicante 03080, SpainIn this work, a new paired electrolysis procedure is successfully introduced. This is a combination of two different processes: electrochemical water softening (EWS) and electrochemical production of weak acid solutions (EPWA). This paired electrolysis method is tested for hardness removal in a simulated solution of concentrates, such as that produced by the electrodialysis of brackish water. The use of a divided electrochemical cell makes it possible to achieve removal efficiencies higher than 90% in optimum conditions. The good performance and stability of the cathode are also demonstrated by long-term experiments. Simultaneously, weak acids are obtained by protonation of their conjugate bases in the anodic compartment. Lactic acid is obtained from lactate with a purity of no less than 80% in this work without significant loss of efficiency in hardness removal. The main interest lies in the commercial value of weak acids such as lactic acid, citric acid or gluconic acid, among others. The methodology makes it possible to benefit from both cathodic and anodic processes, which may contribute to decreasing the final EWS treatment costs for a cost-effective desalination application. Keywords: Electrochemical softening, Weak acid, Lactic, Paired electrolysis, Concentratehttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248119300608 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Ignacio Sanjuán Vicente García-García Eduardo Expósito Vicente Montiel |
spellingShingle |
Ignacio Sanjuán Vicente García-García Eduardo Expósito Vicente Montiel Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions Electrochemistry Communications |
author_facet |
Ignacio Sanjuán Vicente García-García Eduardo Expósito Vicente Montiel |
author_sort |
Ignacio Sanjuán |
title |
Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions |
title_short |
Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions |
title_full |
Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions |
title_fullStr |
Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions |
title_sort |
paired electrolysis for simultaneous electrochemical water softening and production of weak acid solutions |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Electrochemistry Communications |
issn |
1388-2481 |
publishDate |
2019-04-01 |
description |
In this work, a new paired electrolysis procedure is successfully introduced. This is a combination of two different processes: electrochemical water softening (EWS) and electrochemical production of weak acid solutions (EPWA). This paired electrolysis method is tested for hardness removal in a simulated solution of concentrates, such as that produced by the electrodialysis of brackish water. The use of a divided electrochemical cell makes it possible to achieve removal efficiencies higher than 90% in optimum conditions. The good performance and stability of the cathode are also demonstrated by long-term experiments. Simultaneously, weak acids are obtained by protonation of their conjugate bases in the anodic compartment. Lactic acid is obtained from lactate with a purity of no less than 80% in this work without significant loss of efficiency in hardness removal. The main interest lies in the commercial value of weak acids such as lactic acid, citric acid or gluconic acid, among others. The methodology makes it possible to benefit from both cathodic and anodic processes, which may contribute to decreasing the final EWS treatment costs for a cost-effective desalination application. Keywords: Electrochemical softening, Weak acid, Lactic, Paired electrolysis, Concentrate |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1388248119300608 |
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