Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters
<p>Abstract</p> <p>To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the stress paradigm in mice proposed herein allow some of these limitations to be o...
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doaj-2d7c2eb580144d789f7133ff4987ed562020-11-25T02:51:26ZengBMCBehavioral and Brain Functions1744-90812011-04-0171910.1186/1744-9081-7-9Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control mattersBoyks MarcoKholod NataliaCouch YvonneStrekalova TatyanaMalin DmitryLeprince PierreSteinbusch Harry MW<p>Abstract</p> <p>To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the stress paradigm in mice proposed herein allow some of these limitations to be overcome. Here, we discuss a variant of the standard stress paradigm, which results in anhedonia. This anhedonic state was defined by a decrease in sucrose preference that was not exhibited by all animals. As such, we propose the use of non-anhedonic, stressed mice as an internal control in experimental mouse models of depression. The application of an internal control for the effects of stress, along with optimized behavioural testing, can enable the analysis of biological correlates of stress-induced anhedonia versus the consequences of stress alone in a chronic-stress depression model. This is illustrated, for instance, by distinct physiological and molecular profiles in anhedonic and non-anhedonic groups subjected to stress. These results argue for the use of a subgroup of individuals who are negative for the induction of a depressive phenotype during experimental paradigms of depression as an internal control, for more refined modeling of this disorder in animals.</p> http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/7/1/9animal model of depressionchronic stresssucrose testanhedoniaantidepressant treatmentgene expression profilingneuroinflammationmouse |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Boyks Marco Kholod Natalia Couch Yvonne Strekalova Tatyana Malin Dmitry Leprince Pierre Steinbusch Harry MW |
spellingShingle |
Boyks Marco Kholod Natalia Couch Yvonne Strekalova Tatyana Malin Dmitry Leprince Pierre Steinbusch Harry MW Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters Behavioral and Brain Functions animal model of depression chronic stress sucrose test anhedonia antidepressant treatment gene expression profiling neuroinflammation mouse |
author_facet |
Boyks Marco Kholod Natalia Couch Yvonne Strekalova Tatyana Malin Dmitry Leprince Pierre Steinbusch Harry MW |
author_sort |
Boyks Marco |
title |
Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters |
title_short |
Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters |
title_full |
Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters |
title_fullStr |
Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters |
title_full_unstemmed |
Update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters |
title_sort |
update in the methodology of the chronic stress paradigm: internal control matters |
publisher |
BMC |
series |
Behavioral and Brain Functions |
issn |
1744-9081 |
publishDate |
2011-04-01 |
description |
<p>Abstract</p> <p>To date, the reliability of induction of a depressive-like state using chronic stress models is confronted by many methodological limitations. We believe that the modifications to the stress paradigm in mice proposed herein allow some of these limitations to be overcome. Here, we discuss a variant of the standard stress paradigm, which results in anhedonia. This anhedonic state was defined by a decrease in sucrose preference that was not exhibited by all animals. As such, we propose the use of non-anhedonic, stressed mice as an internal control in experimental mouse models of depression. The application of an internal control for the effects of stress, along with optimized behavioural testing, can enable the analysis of biological correlates of stress-induced anhedonia versus the consequences of stress alone in a chronic-stress depression model. This is illustrated, for instance, by distinct physiological and molecular profiles in anhedonic and non-anhedonic groups subjected to stress. These results argue for the use of a subgroup of individuals who are negative for the induction of a depressive phenotype during experimental paradigms of depression as an internal control, for more refined modeling of this disorder in animals.</p> |
topic |
animal model of depression chronic stress sucrose test anhedonia antidepressant treatment gene expression profiling neuroinflammation mouse |
url |
http://www.behavioralandbrainfunctions.com/content/7/1/9 |
work_keys_str_mv |
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