A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art
Millimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the propagated wave, which needs to estimate for the prop...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1207 |
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doaj-2c8d660fad1e4d1294ea22f6ab58d9652021-02-12T09:01:07ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-02-01211207120710.3390/s21041207A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-ArtMd Abdus Samad0Feyisa Debo Diba1Dong-You Choi2Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, KoreaDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, KoreaDepartment of Information and Communication Engineering, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, KoreaMillimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the propagated wave, which needs to estimate for the proper operation of fade mitigation technique (FMT). Many models have been proposed in the literature to estimate rain attenuation. Various models have a distinct set of input parameters along with separate estimation mechanisms. This survey has garnered multiple techniques that can generate input dataset for the rain attenuation models. This study extensively investigates the existing terrestrial rain attenuation models. There is no survey of terrestrial rain mitigation models to the best of our knowledge. In this article, the requirements of this survey are first discussed, with various dataset developing techniques. The terrestrial links models are classified, and subsequently, qualitative and quantitative analyses among these terrestrial rain attenuation models are tabulated. Also, a set of error performance evaluation techniques is introduced. Moreover, there is a discussion of open research problems and challenges, especially the exigency for developing a rain attenuation model for the short-ranged link in the <i>E</i>-band for 5G and beyond networks.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1207ITU-R modelrain attenuationmillimeter-waverain attenuation time seriesenhanced synthetic storm technique |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Md Abdus Samad Feyisa Debo Diba Dong-You Choi |
| spellingShingle |
Md Abdus Samad Feyisa Debo Diba Dong-You Choi A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art Sensors ITU-R model rain attenuation millimeter-wave rain attenuation time series enhanced synthetic storm technique |
| author_facet |
Md Abdus Samad Feyisa Debo Diba Dong-You Choi |
| author_sort |
Md Abdus Samad |
| title |
A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art |
| title_short |
A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art |
| title_full |
A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art |
| title_fullStr |
A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art |
| title_full_unstemmed |
A Survey of Rain Attenuation Prediction Models for Terrestrial Links—Current Research Challenges and State-of-the-Art |
| title_sort |
survey of rain attenuation prediction models for terrestrial links—current research challenges and state-of-the-art |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Sensors |
| issn |
1424-8220 |
| publishDate |
2021-02-01 |
| description |
Millimeter-wave (30–300 GHz) frequency is a promising candidate for 5G and beyond wireless networks, but atmospheric elements limit radio links at this frequency band. Rainfall is the significant atmospheric element that causes attenuation in the propagated wave, which needs to estimate for the proper operation of fade mitigation technique (FMT). Many models have been proposed in the literature to estimate rain attenuation. Various models have a distinct set of input parameters along with separate estimation mechanisms. This survey has garnered multiple techniques that can generate input dataset for the rain attenuation models. This study extensively investigates the existing terrestrial rain attenuation models. There is no survey of terrestrial rain mitigation models to the best of our knowledge. In this article, the requirements of this survey are first discussed, with various dataset developing techniques. The terrestrial links models are classified, and subsequently, qualitative and quantitative analyses among these terrestrial rain attenuation models are tabulated. Also, a set of error performance evaluation techniques is introduced. Moreover, there is a discussion of open research problems and challenges, especially the exigency for developing a rain attenuation model for the short-ranged link in the <i>E</i>-band for 5G and beyond networks. |
| topic |
ITU-R model rain attenuation millimeter-wave rain attenuation time series enhanced synthetic storm technique |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1207 |
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