Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures
<p>Urban irrigation and road sprinkling are methods for mitigating high urban temperatures which are expected to enhance evapotranspiration and affect the urban weather, climate, and environment. Optimizing limited water supplies is necessary in regions with water shortages. In this study, we...
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2021-01-01
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Series: | Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
Online Access: | https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/25/387/2021/hess-25-387-2021.pdf |
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doaj-2c087c45f5124566afbb14033174d149 |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
B. Liu B. Liu B. Liu Z. Xie Z. Xie S. Liu Y. Zeng R. Li R. Li L. Wang L. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang B. Jia P. Qin S. Chen S. Chen J. Xie C. Shi |
spellingShingle |
B. Liu B. Liu B. Liu Z. Xie Z. Xie S. Liu Y. Zeng R. Li R. Li L. Wang L. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang B. Jia P. Qin S. Chen S. Chen J. Xie C. Shi Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
author_facet |
B. Liu B. Liu B. Liu Z. Xie Z. Xie S. Liu Y. Zeng R. Li R. Li L. Wang L. Wang Y. Wang Y. Wang B. Jia P. Qin S. Chen S. Chen J. Xie C. Shi |
author_sort |
B. Liu |
title |
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures |
title_short |
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures |
title_full |
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures |
title_fullStr |
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures |
title_full_unstemmed |
Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures |
title_sort |
optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperatures |
publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
series |
Hydrology and Earth System Sciences |
issn |
1027-5606 1607-7938 |
publishDate |
2021-01-01 |
description |
<p>Urban irrigation and road sprinkling are methods for mitigating
high urban temperatures which are expected to enhance evapotranspiration
and affect the urban weather, climate, and environment. Optimizing limited
water supplies is necessary in regions with water shortages. In this study,
we implemented urban water usage schemes, including urban irrigation and road sprinkling in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and assessed their effects with different amounts of water in city centers, suburbs, and rural areas by using the WRF model at a resolution of 1 km in Beijing, China. In addition, we developed an optimization scheme with a cooling effect as the optimal objective and the total water supply as the constraint condition. Nonlinear relationships were identified between the cooling effect and water consumption for both road sprinkling and urban irrigation, and the cooling effect due to urban irrigation was more effective than that attributed to road sprinkling. Based on the optimal water management scheme, and according to Beijing's 13th 5 Year Plan, about 90 % of the total water supply should be used for urban irrigation and 10 % for road sprinkling as the most effective approach for decreasing urban temperatures by about 1.9 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C.</p> |
url |
https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/25/387/2021/hess-25-387-2021.pdf |
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spelling |
doaj-2c087c45f5124566afbb14033174d1492021-01-26T08:53:16ZengCopernicus PublicationsHydrology and Earth System Sciences1027-56061607-79382021-01-012538740010.5194/hess-25-387-2021Optimal water use strategies for mitigating high urban temperaturesB. Liu0B. Liu1B. Liu2Z. Xie3Z. Xie4S. Liu5Y. Zeng6R. Li7R. Li8L. Wang9L. Wang10Y. Wang11Y. Wang12B. Jia13P. Qin14S. Chen15S. Chen16J. Xie17C. Shi18State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Software Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, ChinaProgram in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USAState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaNational Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, China<p>Urban irrigation and road sprinkling are methods for mitigating high urban temperatures which are expected to enhance evapotranspiration and affect the urban weather, climate, and environment. Optimizing limited water supplies is necessary in regions with water shortages. In this study, we implemented urban water usage schemes, including urban irrigation and road sprinkling in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and assessed their effects with different amounts of water in city centers, suburbs, and rural areas by using the WRF model at a resolution of 1 km in Beijing, China. In addition, we developed an optimization scheme with a cooling effect as the optimal objective and the total water supply as the constraint condition. Nonlinear relationships were identified between the cooling effect and water consumption for both road sprinkling and urban irrigation, and the cooling effect due to urban irrigation was more effective than that attributed to road sprinkling. Based on the optimal water management scheme, and according to Beijing's 13th 5 Year Plan, about 90 % of the total water supply should be used for urban irrigation and 10 % for road sprinkling as the most effective approach for decreasing urban temperatures by about 1.9 <span class="inline-formula"><sup>∘</sup></span>C.</p>https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/25/387/2021/hess-25-387-2021.pdf |