In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3

Osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from common mesenchymal progenitor cells and are controlled by specific transcription factors. While 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) is known to be an important factor for osteoblast differentiation, there are conflicting reports regarding its effect on adip...

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Main Authors: Elisha Pendleton, Nalini Chandar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Endocrinology
Subjects:
Rb1
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00128/full
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spelling doaj-2bf85c239a444dc784c3f4c81650f4602020-11-24T22:56:48ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922017-06-01810.3389/fendo.2017.00128249985In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3Elisha Pendleton0Nalini Chandar1Department of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United StatesDepartment of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United StatesOsteoblasts and adipocytes originate from common mesenchymal progenitor cells and are controlled by specific transcription factors. While 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) is known to be an important factor for osteoblast differentiation, there are conflicting reports regarding its effect on adipogenesis. In this study, we attempted to understand the effect of exposure of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) to adipogenic media with and without vitamin D and determined the expression of adipogenic genes during this process. Our studies show that while transdifferentiation of preosteoblasts occurred on exposure to adipogenic media, the effect of vitamin D treatment was synergistic resulting in several hundred fold increase in adipocyte transcription factors C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (P < 0.001) along with an increase in markers of adipogenesis and accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. Vitamin D treatment was also accompanied by 100-fold to 700-fold increases in vitamin D receptor expression during the treatment period (P < 0.001). To determine how the effect of vitamin D might compare to other genetic manipulations that promote adipogenic differentiation, we stably knocked down retinoblastoma expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Recent studies have suggested retinoblastoma (Rb1) tumor suppressor gene function to be critical to maintain osteoblasts function and inhibit adipocyte differentiation. We exposed MC3T3-E1 cells with reduced Rb1 expression to adipogenic media and found an increase in adipogenic differentiation when compared to cells with a full complement of Rb dosage. However, the extent of the change was not as dramatic as seen with vitamin D. These studies show that preosteoblasts are sensitive and respond to these manipulations that favor the adipocytic phenotype. While vitamin D is not known to directly affect targets in adipogenesis, our observations may have resulted from the malleability of preosteoblast genome in MC3T3-E1 cells, which allowed adipocyte specific gene expression under appropriate stimuli. Why this pathway is influenced and subverted by an anabolic bone factor such as vitamin D remains to be determined.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00128/fullvitamin DosteoblastsMC3T3Rb1adipogenic differentiationtransdifferentiation
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Elisha Pendleton
Nalini Chandar
spellingShingle Elisha Pendleton
Nalini Chandar
In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3
Frontiers in Endocrinology
vitamin D
osteoblasts
MC3T3
Rb1
adipogenic differentiation
transdifferentiation
author_facet Elisha Pendleton
Nalini Chandar
author_sort Elisha Pendleton
title In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3
title_short In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3
title_full In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3
title_fullStr In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Differentiation of Preosteoblast-Like Cells, MC3T3-E1, to Adipocytes Is Enhanced by 1,25(OH)2 Vitamin D3
title_sort in vitro differentiation of preosteoblast-like cells, mc3t3-e1, to adipocytes is enhanced by 1,25(oh)2 vitamin d3
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Endocrinology
issn 1664-2392
publishDate 2017-06-01
description Osteoblasts and adipocytes originate from common mesenchymal progenitor cells and are controlled by specific transcription factors. While 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (vitamin D) is known to be an important factor for osteoblast differentiation, there are conflicting reports regarding its effect on adipogenesis. In this study, we attempted to understand the effect of exposure of preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) to adipogenic media with and without vitamin D and determined the expression of adipogenic genes during this process. Our studies show that while transdifferentiation of preosteoblasts occurred on exposure to adipogenic media, the effect of vitamin D treatment was synergistic resulting in several hundred fold increase in adipocyte transcription factors C/EBPα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (P < 0.001) along with an increase in markers of adipogenesis and accumulation of lipid droplets in cells. Vitamin D treatment was also accompanied by 100-fold to 700-fold increases in vitamin D receptor expression during the treatment period (P < 0.001). To determine how the effect of vitamin D might compare to other genetic manipulations that promote adipogenic differentiation, we stably knocked down retinoblastoma expression in MC3T3-E1 cells. Recent studies have suggested retinoblastoma (Rb1) tumor suppressor gene function to be critical to maintain osteoblasts function and inhibit adipocyte differentiation. We exposed MC3T3-E1 cells with reduced Rb1 expression to adipogenic media and found an increase in adipogenic differentiation when compared to cells with a full complement of Rb dosage. However, the extent of the change was not as dramatic as seen with vitamin D. These studies show that preosteoblasts are sensitive and respond to these manipulations that favor the adipocytic phenotype. While vitamin D is not known to directly affect targets in adipogenesis, our observations may have resulted from the malleability of preosteoblast genome in MC3T3-E1 cells, which allowed adipocyte specific gene expression under appropriate stimuli. Why this pathway is influenced and subverted by an anabolic bone factor such as vitamin D remains to be determined.
topic vitamin D
osteoblasts
MC3T3
Rb1
adipogenic differentiation
transdifferentiation
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2017.00128/full
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