Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to play an important role in the pharmacological and toxic effects of various drugs of abuse. Herein we review the literature on the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity of cocaine with special focus on OS-related mechanisms. We also rev...

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Main Authors:	Manuela Graziani, Letizia Antonilli, Anna Rita Togna, Maria Caterina Grassi, Aldo Badiani, Luciano Saso
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hindawi Limited 2016-01-01
Series:	Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Online Access:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8408479

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spelling	doaj-2be97b5d6b984ec68c05cba4bb6401c02020-11-25T00:34:41ZengHindawi LimitedOxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity1942-09001942-09942016-01-01201610.1155/2016/84084798408479Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative StressManuela Graziani0Letizia Antonilli1Anna Rita Togna2Maria Caterina Grassi3Aldo Badiani4Luciano Saso5Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyOxidative stress (OS) is thought to play an important role in the pharmacological and toxic effects of various drugs of abuse. Herein we review the literature on the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity of cocaine with special focus on OS-related mechanisms. We also review the preclinical and clinical literature concerning the putative therapeutic effects of OS modulators (such as N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase mimetics, nitroxides and nitrones, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and mitochondriotropic antioxidants) for the treatment of cocaine toxicity. We conclude that available OS modulators do not appear to have clinical efficacy.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8408479
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Manuela Graziani Letizia Antonilli Anna Rita Togna Maria Caterina Grassi Aldo Badiani Luciano Saso
spellingShingle	Manuela Graziani Letizia Antonilli Anna Rita Togna Maria Caterina Grassi Aldo Badiani Luciano Saso Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
author_facet	Manuela Graziani Letizia Antonilli Anna Rita Togna Maria Caterina Grassi Aldo Badiani Luciano Saso
author_sort	Manuela Graziani
title	Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress
title_short	Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress
title_full	Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress
title_fullStr	Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress
title_full_unstemmed	Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress
title_sort	cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity of cocaine: potential beneficial effects of modulators of oxidative stress
publisher	Hindawi Limited
series	Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
issn	1942-0900 1942-0994
publishDate	2016-01-01
description	Oxidative stress (OS) is thought to play an important role in the pharmacological and toxic effects of various drugs of abuse. Herein we review the literature on the mechanisms responsible for the cardiovascular and hepatic toxicity of cocaine with special focus on OS-related mechanisms. We also review the preclinical and clinical literature concerning the putative therapeutic effects of OS modulators (such as N-acetylcysteine, superoxide dismutase mimetics, nitroxides and nitrones, NADPH oxidase inhibitors, xanthine oxidase inhibitors, and mitochondriotropic antioxidants) for the treatment of cocaine toxicity. We conclude that available OS modulators do not appear to have clinical efficacy.
url	http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8408479
work_keys_str_mv	AT manuelagraziani cardiovascularandhepatictoxicityofcocainepotentialbeneficialeffectsofmodulatorsofoxidativestress AT letiziaantonilli cardiovascularandhepatictoxicityofcocainepotentialbeneficialeffectsofmodulatorsofoxidativestress AT annaritatogna cardiovascularandhepatictoxicityofcocainepotentialbeneficialeffectsofmodulatorsofoxidativestress AT mariacaterinagrassi cardiovascularandhepatictoxicityofcocainepotentialbeneficialeffectsofmodulatorsofoxidativestress AT aldobadiani cardiovascularandhepatictoxicityofcocainepotentialbeneficialeffectsofmodulatorsofoxidativestress AT lucianosaso cardiovascularandhepatictoxicityofcocainepotentialbeneficialeffectsofmodulatorsofoxidativestress
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Cardiovascular and Hepatic Toxicity of Cocaine: Potential Beneficial Effects of Modulators of Oxidative Stress

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