| Summary: | Bread wheat is an allohexaploid that behaves as a diploid during meiosis, the cell division process to produce the gametes occurring in organisms with sexual reproduction. Knowledge of the mechanisms implicated in meiosis can contribute to facilitating the transfer of desirable traits from related species into a crop like wheat in the framework of breeding. It is particularly interesting to shed light on the mechanisms controlling correct pairing between homologous (equivalent) chromosomes and recombination, even more in polyploid species. The <i>Ph1</i> (<i>Pairing homoeologous 1</i>) locus is implicated in recombination. In this work, we aimed to study whether homoeologous (equivalent chromosomes from different genomes) <i>Hordeum chilense </i>(wild barley) and <i>H. vulgare</i> (cultivated barley) chromosomes can associate and recombine during meiosis in the wheat background in the absence of the <i>Ph1</i> locus. For this, we have developed <i>H. chilense</i> and <i>H. vulgare</i> double monosomic addition lines for the same and for different homoeology group in wheat in the <i>ph1b</i> mutant background. Using genomic in situ hybridization, we visualized the two (wild and cultivated) barley chromosomes during meiosis and we studied the processes of recognition, association, and recombination between homoeologous chromosomes in the absence of the <i>Ph1</i> locus. Our results showed that the <i>Ph1</i> locus does not prevent homoeologous chromosome pairing but it can regulate recombination.
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