Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves
<p>N-containing aromatic compounds (NACs) are an important group of light-absorbing molecules in the atmosphere. They are often observed in combustion emissions, but their chemical formulas and structural characteristics remain uncertain. In this study, red oakwood and charcoal fuels were burn...
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| Format: | Article |
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Copernicus Publications
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14077/2020/acp-20-14077-2020.pdf |
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doaj-2b6b2d3ee5904b7cbad6ae5d3321231e |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
M. Xie Z. Zhao A. L. Holder M. D. Hays X. Chen G. Shen J. J. Jetter W. M. Champion Q. Wang |
| spellingShingle |
M. Xie Z. Zhao A. L. Holder M. D. Hays X. Chen G. Shen J. J. Jetter W. M. Champion Q. Wang Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| author_facet |
M. Xie Z. Zhao A. L. Holder M. D. Hays X. Chen G. Shen J. J. Jetter W. M. Champion Q. Wang |
| author_sort |
M. Xie |
| title |
Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves |
| title_short |
Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves |
| title_full |
Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves |
| title_fullStr |
Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves |
| title_sort |
chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of n-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstoves |
| publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
| series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
| description |
<p>N-containing aromatic compounds (NACs) are an important group of
light-absorbing molecules in the atmosphere. They are often observed in
combustion emissions, but their chemical formulas and structural
characteristics remain uncertain. In this study, red oakwood and charcoal
fuels were burned in cookstoves using the standard water-boiling test (WBT)
procedure. Submicron aerosol particles in the cookstove emissions were
collected using quartz (<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span>) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter
membranes positioned in parallel. A backup quartz filter (<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>) was also
installed downstream of the PTFE filter to evaluate the effect of sampling
artifacts on NAC measurements. Liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy
(LC–MS) techniques identified 17 NAC chemical formulas in the
cookstove emissions. The average concentrations of total NACs in <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>
samples (<span class="inline-formula">0.37±0.31</span>–<span class="inline-formula">1.79±0.77</span> <span class="inline-formula">µg m<sup>−3</sup></span>) were
greater than 50 % of those observed in the <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span> samples (<span class="inline-formula">0.51±0.43</span>–<span class="inline-formula">3.91±2.06</span> <span class="inline-formula">µg m<sup>−3</sup></span>), and the <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>-to-<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span>
mass ratios of individual NACs had a range of 0.02–2.71, indicating that
the identified NACs might have substantial fractions remaining in the
gas phase. In comparison to other sources, cookstove emissions from red oak
or charcoal fuels did not exhibit unique NAC structural features but had
distinct NAC composition. However, before identifying NAC sources by
combining their structural and compositional information, the gas-particle
partitioning behaviors of NACs should be further investigated. The average
contributions of total NACs to the light absorption of organic matter at
<span class="inline-formula"><i>λ</i>=365</span> nm (1.10 %–2.57 %) in <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span> samples
(10.7 %–21.0 %) are up to 10 times larger than their mass contributions
(<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span>: 0.31 %–1.01 %; <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>: 1.08 %–3.31 %), so the identified NACs
are mostly strong light absorbers. To explain more sample extract
absorption, future research is needed to understand the chemical and optical
properties of high-molecular-weight (e.g., molecular weight, <span class="inline-formula">MW>500</span> Da) entities
in particulate matter.</p> |
| url |
https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14077/2020/acp-20-14077-2020.pdf |
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doaj-2b6b2d3ee5904b7cbad6ae5d3321231e2020-11-25T04:11:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-11-0120140771409010.5194/acp-20-14077-2020Chemical composition, structures, and light absorption of N-containing aromatic compounds emitted from burning wood and charcoal in household cookstovesM. Xie0Z. Zhao1A. L. Holder2M. D. Hays3X. Chen4G. Shen5J. J. Jetter6W. M. Champion7Q. Wang8Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaCollaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 219 Ningliu Road, Nanjing 210044, ChinaOffice of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USAOffice of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USAOffice of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USALaboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaOffice of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USAOak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USAState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China<p>N-containing aromatic compounds (NACs) are an important group of light-absorbing molecules in the atmosphere. They are often observed in combustion emissions, but their chemical formulas and structural characteristics remain uncertain. In this study, red oakwood and charcoal fuels were burned in cookstoves using the standard water-boiling test (WBT) procedure. Submicron aerosol particles in the cookstove emissions were collected using quartz (<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span>) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) filter membranes positioned in parallel. A backup quartz filter (<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>) was also installed downstream of the PTFE filter to evaluate the effect of sampling artifacts on NAC measurements. Liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) techniques identified 17 NAC chemical formulas in the cookstove emissions. The average concentrations of total NACs in <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span> samples (<span class="inline-formula">0.37±0.31</span>–<span class="inline-formula">1.79±0.77</span> <span class="inline-formula">µg m<sup>−3</sup></span>) were greater than 50 % of those observed in the <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span> samples (<span class="inline-formula">0.51±0.43</span>–<span class="inline-formula">3.91±2.06</span> <span class="inline-formula">µg m<sup>−3</sup></span>), and the <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>-to-<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span> mass ratios of individual NACs had a range of 0.02–2.71, indicating that the identified NACs might have substantial fractions remaining in the gas phase. In comparison to other sources, cookstove emissions from red oak or charcoal fuels did not exhibit unique NAC structural features but had distinct NAC composition. However, before identifying NAC sources by combining their structural and compositional information, the gas-particle partitioning behaviors of NACs should be further investigated. The average contributions of total NACs to the light absorption of organic matter at <span class="inline-formula"><i>λ</i>=365</span> nm (1.10 %–2.57 %) in <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span> and <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span> samples (10.7 %–21.0 %) are up to 10 times larger than their mass contributions (<span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>f</sub></span>: 0.31 %–1.01 %; <span class="inline-formula"><i>Q</i><sub>b</sub></span>: 1.08 %–3.31 %), so the identified NACs are mostly strong light absorbers. To explain more sample extract absorption, future research is needed to understand the chemical and optical properties of high-molecular-weight (e.g., molecular weight, <span class="inline-formula">MW>500</span> Da) entities in particulate matter.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/20/14077/2020/acp-20-14077-2020.pdf |