Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.

BACKGROUND:Stress is an inevitable part of life, and maternal stress during the gestational period has dramatic effects in the early programming of the physiology and behavior of offspring. The developmental period is crucial for the well-being of the offspring. Prenatal stress influences the develo...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sakthivel Govindaraj, Annadurai Shanmuganathan, Ravindran Rajan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2017-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5319666?pdf=render
id doaj-2a495a08ce2e411fbd4db8cb533219ee
record_format Article
spelling doaj-2a495a08ce2e411fbd4db8cb533219ee2020-11-25T02:13:21ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032017-01-01122e017108910.1371/journal.pone.0171089Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.Sakthivel GovindarajAnnadurai ShanmuganathanRavindran RajanBACKGROUND:Stress is an inevitable part of life, and maternal stress during the gestational period has dramatic effects in the early programming of the physiology and behavior of offspring. The developmental period is crucial for the well-being of the offspring. Prenatal stress influences the developmental outcomes of the fetus, in part because the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to stress. The etiology of birth defects of the offspring is reported to be 30-40% genetic and 7-10% multifactorial, with the remaining 50% still unknown and also there is no clear cause for neonatal mortality and still-birth. OBJECTIVE:The present study explores the association of maternal psychological stress on mother and the offspring's incidence of birth defects, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality. STUDY DESIGN:Pregnant animals were restrained to induce psychological stress (3 times per day, 45 minutes per session). Except control group, other animals were exposed to restraint stress during the gestational period: early gestational stress (EGS, stress exposure during 1st day to 10th days of gestational period), late gestational stress (LGS, stress exposure during 11th day to till parturition), and full term gestational stress (FGS, stress exposure to the whole gestational period). The effects of maternal stress on the mother and their offspring were analyzed. RESULTS:Expectant female rats exposed to stress by physical restraint showed decreased body weight gain, food intake, and fecal pellet levels. Specifically, the offspring of female rats subjected to late gestational and full term gestational restraint stress showed more deleterious effects, such as physical impairment (LGS 24.44%, FGS 10%), neonatal mortality (EGS 2.56%, LGS 24.44%, FGS 17.5%), stillbirths (FGS 27.5%), low birth weight (EGS 5.42g, LGS 4.40g, FGS 4.12g), preterm births (EGS 539 Hrs, LGS 514 Hrs, FGS 520.6 Hrs), and delayed eyelid opening (EGS 15.16 Days, LGS 17 Days, FGS 17.67 Days). CONCLUSION:The results of this study reveal that maternal stress may be associated with the offspring's abnormal structural phenotyping, preterm birth, stillbirth and neonatal mortality.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5319666?pdf=render
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Sakthivel Govindaraj
Annadurai Shanmuganathan
Ravindran Rajan
spellingShingle Sakthivel Govindaraj
Annadurai Shanmuganathan
Ravindran Rajan
Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.
PLoS ONE
author_facet Sakthivel Govindaraj
Annadurai Shanmuganathan
Ravindran Rajan
author_sort Sakthivel Govindaraj
title Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.
title_short Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.
title_full Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.
title_fullStr Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.
title_full_unstemmed Maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of Wistar albino rats.
title_sort maternal psychological stress-induced developmental disability, neonatal mortality and stillbirth in the offspring of wistar albino rats.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS ONE
issn 1932-6203
publishDate 2017-01-01
description BACKGROUND:Stress is an inevitable part of life, and maternal stress during the gestational period has dramatic effects in the early programming of the physiology and behavior of offspring. The developmental period is crucial for the well-being of the offspring. Prenatal stress influences the developmental outcomes of the fetus, in part because the developing brain is particularly vulnerable to stress. The etiology of birth defects of the offspring is reported to be 30-40% genetic and 7-10% multifactorial, with the remaining 50% still unknown and also there is no clear cause for neonatal mortality and still-birth. OBJECTIVE:The present study explores the association of maternal psychological stress on mother and the offspring's incidence of birth defects, stillbirth, and neonatal mortality. STUDY DESIGN:Pregnant animals were restrained to induce psychological stress (3 times per day, 45 minutes per session). Except control group, other animals were exposed to restraint stress during the gestational period: early gestational stress (EGS, stress exposure during 1st day to 10th days of gestational period), late gestational stress (LGS, stress exposure during 11th day to till parturition), and full term gestational stress (FGS, stress exposure to the whole gestational period). The effects of maternal stress on the mother and their offspring were analyzed. RESULTS:Expectant female rats exposed to stress by physical restraint showed decreased body weight gain, food intake, and fecal pellet levels. Specifically, the offspring of female rats subjected to late gestational and full term gestational restraint stress showed more deleterious effects, such as physical impairment (LGS 24.44%, FGS 10%), neonatal mortality (EGS 2.56%, LGS 24.44%, FGS 17.5%), stillbirths (FGS 27.5%), low birth weight (EGS 5.42g, LGS 4.40g, FGS 4.12g), preterm births (EGS 539 Hrs, LGS 514 Hrs, FGS 520.6 Hrs), and delayed eyelid opening (EGS 15.16 Days, LGS 17 Days, FGS 17.67 Days). CONCLUSION:The results of this study reveal that maternal stress may be associated with the offspring's abnormal structural phenotyping, preterm birth, stillbirth and neonatal mortality.
url http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5319666?pdf=render
work_keys_str_mv AT sakthivelgovindaraj maternalpsychologicalstressinduceddevelopmentaldisabilityneonatalmortalityandstillbirthintheoffspringofwistaralbinorats
AT annaduraishanmuganathan maternalpsychologicalstressinduceddevelopmentaldisabilityneonatalmortalityandstillbirthintheoffspringofwistaralbinorats
AT ravindranrajan maternalpsychologicalstressinduceddevelopmentaldisabilityneonatalmortalityandstillbirthintheoffspringofwistaralbinorats
_version_ 1724905831336509440