Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East

Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East

<p>We have investigated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) formation from emissions of HFO-1234yf (CF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>CFH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), its dry and wet deposition, and...

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Main Authors: L. M. David, M. Barth, L. Höglund-Isaksson, P. Purohit, G. J. M. Velders, S. Glaser, A. R. Ravishankara
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2021-10-01
Series:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14833/2021/acp-21-14833-2021.pdf
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spelling doaj-293f51dd092f48948153859d853728812021-10-06T11:22:08ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242021-10-0121148331484910.5194/acp-21-14833-2021Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle EastL. M. David0L. M. David1M. Barth2L. Höglund-Isaksson3P. Purohit4G. J. M. Velders5G. J. M. Velders6S. Glaser7S. Glaser8A. R. Ravishankara9A. R. Ravishankara10Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAAtmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USAPollution Management Research Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, AustriaPollution Management Research Group, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, AustriaCentre for Environmental Quality, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BA, Bilthoven, the NetherlandsInstitute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University, the NetherlandsDepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USAcurrently at: Tufts University, Medford, MA, USADepartment of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USADepartment of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA<p>We have investigated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) formation from emissions of HFO-1234yf (CF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>CFH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), its dry and wet deposition, and rainwater concentration over India, China, and the Middle East with GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem models. We estimated the TFA deposition and rainwater concentrations between 2020 and 2040 for four previously published HFO-1234yf emission scenarios to bound the possible levels of TFA. We evaluated the capability of GEOS-Chem to capture the wet deposition process by comparing calculated sulfate in rainwater with observations. Our calculated TFA amounts over the USA, Europe, and China were comparable to those previously reported when normalized to the same emission. A significant proportion of TFA was found to be deposited outside the emission regions. The mean and the extremes of TFA rainwater concentrations calculated for the four emission scenarios from GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem were orders of magnitude below the no observable effect concentration. The ecological and human health impacts now, and the continued use of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East, are estimated to be insignificant based on the current understanding, as summarized by Neale et al. (2021).</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14833/2021/acp-21-14833-2021.pdf
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author L. M. David
L. M. David
M. Barth
L. Höglund-Isaksson
P. Purohit
G. J. M. Velders
G. J. M. Velders
S. Glaser
S. Glaser
A. R. Ravishankara
A. R. Ravishankara
spellingShingle L. M. David
L. M. David
M. Barth
L. Höglund-Isaksson
P. Purohit
G. J. M. Velders
G. J. M. Velders
S. Glaser
S. Glaser
A. R. Ravishankara
A. R. Ravishankara
Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
author_facet L. M. David
L. M. David
M. Barth
L. Höglund-Isaksson
P. Purohit
G. J. M. Velders
G. J. M. Velders
S. Glaser
S. Glaser
A. R. Ravishankara
A. R. Ravishankara
author_sort L. M. David
title Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
title_short Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
title_full Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
title_fullStr Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
title_full_unstemmed Trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East
title_sort trifluoroacetic acid deposition from emissions of hfo-1234yf in india, china, and the middle east
publisher Copernicus Publications
series Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
issn 1680-7316
1680-7324
publishDate 2021-10-01
description <p>We have investigated trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) formation from emissions of HFO-1234yf (CF<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>CFH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>), its dry and wet deposition, and rainwater concentration over India, China, and the Middle East with GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem models. We estimated the TFA deposition and rainwater concentrations between 2020 and 2040 for four previously published HFO-1234yf emission scenarios to bound the possible levels of TFA. We evaluated the capability of GEOS-Chem to capture the wet deposition process by comparing calculated sulfate in rainwater with observations. Our calculated TFA amounts over the USA, Europe, and China were comparable to those previously reported when normalized to the same emission. A significant proportion of TFA was found to be deposited outside the emission regions. The mean and the extremes of TFA rainwater concentrations calculated for the four emission scenarios from GEOS-Chem and WRF-Chem were orders of magnitude below the no observable effect concentration. The ecological and human health impacts now, and the continued use of HFO-1234yf in India, China, and the Middle East, are estimated to be insignificant based on the current understanding, as summarized by Neale et al. (2021).</p>
url https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/14833/2021/acp-21-14833-2021.pdf
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