Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) by Using Static Exposure Method

Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (Crocus sativus) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (La...

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Main Authors:	Hossein Mardani, John Maninang, Kwame Sarpong Appiah, Yosei Oikawa, Majid Azizi, Yoshiharu Fujii
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2019-05-01
Series:	Molecules
Subjects:	allelopathy allelochemicals catalase activity volatile organic compounds safranal
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1788

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record_format	Article
spelling	doaj-28856eafee1b48c1bde9970fdab2efcb2020-11-25T00:47:02ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492019-05-01249178810.3390/molecules24091788molecules24091788Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure MethodHossein Mardani0John Maninang1Kwame Sarpong Appiah2Yosei Oikawa3Majid Azizi4Yoshiharu Fujii5Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, JapanCenter for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, JapanDepartment of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, JapanDepartment of International Environmental and Agricultural Sciences Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu Campus, 2N405, 3-5-8, Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, JapanDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, IranCenter for Global Communication Strategies (CGCS) College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, JapanSafranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>). In this study, the effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>. CAT activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the increase in the safranal concentration while POX activity was increased. Moreover, Safranal caused significant physiological changes in chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and fresh weight of several weed species with <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> being the most sensitive. Furthermore, 5 µM Safranal showed significant inhibitory activity against dicotyledonous in comparison to the monocotyledons under greenhouse conditions. The inhibition of the CAT by safranal was similar to those of uncompetitive inhibitors, and therefore the decline in carbon fixation by plants might be the mechanism behind the inhibitory activity of safranal.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1788allelopathyallelochemicalscatalase activityvolatile organic compoundssafranal
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Hossein Mardani John Maninang Kwame Sarpong Appiah Yosei Oikawa Majid Azizi Yoshiharu Fujii
spellingShingle	Hossein Mardani John Maninang Kwame Sarpong Appiah Yosei Oikawa Majid Azizi Yoshiharu Fujii Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method Molecules allelopathy allelochemicals catalase activity volatile organic compounds safranal
author_facet	Hossein Mardani John Maninang Kwame Sarpong Appiah Yosei Oikawa Majid Azizi Yoshiharu Fujii
author_sort	Hossein Mardani
title	Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method
title_short	Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method
title_full	Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method
title_fullStr	Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method
title_full_unstemmed	Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method
title_sort	evaluation of biological response of lettuce (<i>lactuca sativa</i> l.) and weeds to safranal allelochemical of saffron (<i>crocus sativus</i>) by using static exposure method
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Molecules
issn	1420-3049
publishDate	2019-05-01
description	Safranal, the main volatile chemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) was studied to estimate its allelopathic effects on the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll, leaf electrolyte leakage, fresh weight, catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POX) activity of the test plant Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i>). In this study, the effective concentration (EC<sub>50</sub>) of safranal on CAT was estimated to be 6.12 µg/cm<sup>3</sup>. CAT activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the increase in the safranal concentration while POX activity was increased. Moreover, Safranal caused significant physiological changes in chlorophyll content, leaf electrolyte leakage, and fresh weight of several weed species with <i>Lolium multiflorum</i> being the most sensitive. Furthermore, 5 µM Safranal showed significant inhibitory activity against dicotyledonous in comparison to the monocotyledons under greenhouse conditions. The inhibition of the CAT by safranal was similar to those of uncompetitive inhibitors, and therefore the decline in carbon fixation by plants might be the mechanism behind the inhibitory activity of safranal.
topic	allelopathy allelochemicals catalase activity volatile organic compounds safranal
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/24/9/1788
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Evaluation of Biological Response of Lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and Weeds to Safranal Allelochemical of Saffron (<i>Crocus sativus</i>) by Using Static Exposure Method

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