| Summary: | Diphosphate compounds (KYP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) co-doped with Yb<sup>3+</sup> and Er<sup>3+</sup> ions were obtained by one step urea assisted combustion synthesis. The experimental parameters of synthesis were optimized using an experimental design approach related to co-dopants concentration and heattreatment as well as annealing time. The obtained materials were studied with theinitial requirements showing appropriate morphological (X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)) and spectroscopic properties (emission, luminescence kinetics). Moreover, the effect of Er<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions doped KYP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> on morphology, proliferative and metabolic activity and apoptosis in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell line and 4B12osteoclasts cell line was investigated. Furthermore, the expression of the common pro-osteogenic markers in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast as well as osteoclastogenesis related markers in 4B12 osteoclasts was evaluated. The extensive in vitro studies showed that KYP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> doped with 1 mol% Er<sup>3+</sup> and 20 mol% Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions positively affected the MC3T3-E1 and 4B12 cells activity without triggering their apoptosis. Moreover, it was shown that an activation of mTOR and Pi3k signaling pathways with 1 mol% Er<sup>3+</sup>, 20 mol% Yb<sup>3+</sup>: KYP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> can promote the MC3T3-E1 cells expression of late osteogenic markers including RUNX and BMP-2. The obtained data shed a promising light for KYP<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> doped with Er<sup>3+</sup> and Yb<sup>3+</sup> ions as a potential factors improving bone fracture healing as well as in bioimaging (so-called in theranostics).
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