Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology

Four different alkaline earth metal oxides i.e. MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO were used as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from palm oil. Effects of critical process variables i.e. reaction time, methanol to oil ratio and temperature were investigated. The results were then fitted to a hist...

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Main Authors: Babak Salamatinia, Iman Hashemizadeh, Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR 2013-03-01
Series:Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.ijcce.ac.ir/article_5911_2d0f5b739d2e198c4879bc5b6cf25ebc.pdf
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spelling doaj-283774e5bf9f4b4e9eeac36e1540b3d12020-11-25T02:02:17ZengIranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECRIranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering 1021-99861021-99862013-03-013211131265911Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface MethodologyBabak Salamatinia0Iman Hashemizadeh1Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi2of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Monash University Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, MALAYSIASchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, MALAYSIASchool of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, MALAYSIAFour different alkaline earth metal oxides i.e. MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO were used as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from palm oil. Effects of critical process variables i.e. reaction time, methanol to oil ratio and temperature were investigated. The results were then fitted to a historical design to study the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), to characterize interactions between variables and to simulate the process. MgO did not show good catalytic activity while  CaO produced undesired products at longer reaction time. BaO showed the best biodiesel result with a yield of up to 95 %, followed by SrO with a yield of 91 %. A methanol to oil ratio of 9:1 and 60 ºC were found to be the optimum conditions. The experimental data were satisfactorily predicted at 99 % confidence level under various conditions with R2 values higher than 0.92. Characterizations of the catalysts before and after the transesterification process were also performed using a surface analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, Hammett indicator and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometeric (AAS) methods. The catalytic activity was in the order of BaO > SrO > CaO. However, due to lixiviation of BaO in the product, SrO was found to be the most potential catalyst.http://www.ijcce.ac.ir/article_5911_2d0f5b739d2e198c4879bc5b6cf25ebc.pdfbiodieselalkaline earth metal oxidesprocess behaviorhistorical designsimulationlixiviation
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Babak Salamatinia
Iman Hashemizadeh
Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi
spellingShingle Babak Salamatinia
Iman Hashemizadeh
Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi
Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology
Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
biodiesel
alkaline earth metal oxides
process behavior
historical design
simulation
lixiviation
author_facet Babak Salamatinia
Iman Hashemizadeh
Abdullah Ahmad Zuhairi
author_sort Babak Salamatinia
title Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology
title_short Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology
title_fullStr Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full_unstemmed Alkaline Earth Metal Oxide Catalysts for Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil: Elucidation of Process Behaviors and Modeling Using Response Surface Methodology
title_sort alkaline earth metal oxide catalysts for biodiesel production from palm oil: elucidation of process behaviors and modeling using response surface methodology
publisher Iranian Institute of Research and Development in Chemical Industries (IRDCI)-ACECR
series Iranian Journal of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering
issn 1021-9986
1021-9986
publishDate 2013-03-01
description Four different alkaline earth metal oxides i.e. MgO, CaO, SrO and BaO were used as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production from palm oil. Effects of critical process variables i.e. reaction time, methanol to oil ratio and temperature were investigated. The results were then fitted to a historical design to study the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), to characterize interactions between variables and to simulate the process. MgO did not show good catalytic activity while  CaO produced undesired products at longer reaction time. BaO showed the best biodiesel result with a yield of up to 95 %, followed by SrO with a yield of 91 %. A methanol to oil ratio of 9:1 and 60 ºC were found to be the optimum conditions. The experimental data were satisfactorily predicted at 99 % confidence level under various conditions with R2 values higher than 0.92. Characterizations of the catalysts before and after the transesterification process were also performed using a surface analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, Hammett indicator and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometeric (AAS) methods. The catalytic activity was in the order of BaO > SrO > CaO. However, due to lixiviation of BaO in the product, SrO was found to be the most potential catalyst.
topic biodiesel
alkaline earth metal oxides
process behavior
historical design
simulation
lixiviation
url http://www.ijcce.ac.ir/article_5911_2d0f5b739d2e198c4879bc5b6cf25ebc.pdf
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AT imanhashemizadeh alkalineearthmetaloxidecatalystsforbiodieselproductionfrompalmoilelucidationofprocessbehaviorsandmodelingusingresponsesurfacemethodology
AT abdullahahmadzuhairi alkalineearthmetaloxidecatalystsforbiodieselproductionfrompalmoilelucidationofprocessbehaviorsandmodelingusingresponsesurfacemethodology
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