Ground Ammonia Concentrations over China Derived from Satellite and Atmospheric Transport Modeling

• Main Authors: Lei Liu, Xiuying Zhang, Wen Xu, Xuejun Liu, Xuehe Lu, Shanqian Wang, Wuting Zhang, Limin Zhao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2017-05-01
• Series: Remote Sensing
• Subjects: NH3; satellite; CTM; spatial; ground
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/9/5/467

As a primary basic gas in the atmosphere, atmospheric ammonia (NH3) plays an important role in determining air quality, environmental degradation, and climate change. However, the limited ground observation currently presents a barrier to estimating ground NH3 concentrations on a regional scale, thus preventing a full understanding of the atmospheric processes in which this trace gas is involved. This study estimated the ground NH3 concentrations over China, combining the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) satellite NH3 columns and NH3 profiles from an atmospheric chemistry transport model (CTM). The estimated ground NH3 concentrations showed agreement with the variability in annual ground NH3 measurements from the Chinese Nationwide Nitrogen Deposition Monitoring Network (NNDMN). Great spatial heterogeneity of ground NH3 concentrations was found across China, and high ground NH3 concentrations were found in Northern China, Southeastern China, and some areas in Xinjiang Province. The maximum ground NH3 concentrations over China occurred in summer, followed by spring, autumn, and winter seasons, which were in agreement with the seasonal patterns of NH3 emissions in China. This study suggested that a combination of NH3 profiles from CTMs and NH3 columns from satellite obtained reliable ground NH3 concentrations over China.