Evaluation of the hypothesis of the Monster of Troy vase as the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil

• Main Author: Julián Monge-Nájera
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica 2020-01-01
• Series: Uniciencia
• Subjects: Samotherium; Oxydactylus; Greek art; zoological representations; ancient fauna
• Online Access: https://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/uniciencia/article/view/12556

The Monster of Troy, depicted in a 6th Century BC Corinthian vase, has been proposed to be the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil, possibly a Miocene giraffe (Samotherium sp.). The purpose of the paper was to analyze the giraffe hypothesis using four approaches: a double-blind random design in which 78 biologists compared the vase skull with Samotherium and several reptiles; an informed survey of 30 art and science students who critically assessed the hypothesis based on images of candidate species; an objective computerized mathematical comparison of the images; and a detailed morphological comparison of the skulls. All of the participants rejected the giraffe hypothesis. The types of eyes and teeth unambiguously discard a mammal, whether fossil or living, as the model.  The model was most likely an extant carnivorous reptile of the Varanidae family.