What cues do ungulates use to assess predation risk in dense temperate forests?

Anti-predator responses by ungulates can be based on habitat features or on the near-imminent threat of predators. In dense forest, cues that ungulates use to assess predation risk likely differ from half-open landscapes, as scent relative to sight is predicted to be more important. We studied, in t...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dries P J Kuijper, Mart Verwijmeren, Marcin Churski, Adam Zbyryt, Krzysztof Schmidt, Bogumiła Jędrzejewska, Chris Smit
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3880296?pdf=render