Surfactant-Mediated Airway and Acinar Interactions in a Multi-Scale Model of a Healthy Lung

• Main Authors: Haoran Ma, Hideki Fujioka, David Halpern, Donald P. Gaver
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-01
• Series: Frontiers in Physiology
• Subjects: biofluid mechanics; surfactant; multi-scale modeling; fluid–structure interactions; high-performance computing; acute respiratory distress syndrome
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphys.2020.00941/full

We present a computational multi-scale model of an adult human lung that combines dynamic surfactant physicochemical interactions and parenchymal tethering between ~16 generations of airways and subtended acini. This model simulates the healthy lung by modeling nonlinear stress distributions from airway/alveolar interdependency. In concert with multi-component surfactant transport processes, this serves to stabilize highly compliant interacting structures. This computational model, with ~10 k degrees of freedom, demonstrates physiological processes in the normal lung such as multi-layer surfactant transport and pressure–volume hysteresis behavior. Furthermore, this model predicts non-equilibrium stress distributions due to compliance mismatches between airway and alveolar structures. This computational model provides a baseline for the exploration of multi-scale interactions of pathological conditions that can further our understanding of disease processes and guide the development of protective ventilation strategies for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).