A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports

The advanced technology of virtual reality (VR) has brought about significant changes in our society, and leisure sports are no exception. The purpose of this study was to assess how leisure satisfaction with leisure sports and degree of sustainable participation affect men and women in actual sport...

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Main Authors: Chul-Ho Bum, Tara Q. Mahoney, Chulhwan Choi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-09-01
Series:Sustainability
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/10/3475
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spelling doaj-2461fb85e69f40d59c9b0b120a64e0ec2020-11-24T22:06:42ZengMDPI AGSustainability2071-10502018-09-011010347510.3390/su10103475su10103475A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure SportsChul-Ho Bum0Tara Q. Mahoney1Chulhwan Choi2Department of Sports Taekwondo, Graduate School of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, KoreaDepartment of Sport Management, State University of New York at Cortland, Professional Studies Building, Room 1111, Cortland, NY 13045, USADepartment of Golf Industry, College of Physical Education, Kyung Hee University, Seocheon-dong 1, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, KoreaThe advanced technology of virtual reality (VR) has brought about significant changes in our society, and leisure sports are no exception. The purpose of this study was to assess how leisure satisfaction with leisure sports and degree of sustainable participation affect men and women in actual sports and virtual reality (VR) sports. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to confirm scale validity and reliability, and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression were conducted for comparative analysis and linear relationships between variances. The results showed that while men typically participate in ‘masculine’ sports and women in ‘feminine’ sports, both genders equally enjoy the same types of VR sports. In terms of gender differences, female VR sport participants placed importance on educational leisure satisfaction and the intent of sustainable participation. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the physical, psychological, or social leisure satisfaction factors, indicating no differences in satisfaction between performing actual sports and those in the VR environment. In addition, all factors except relaxation factor, had a positive impact on intent of sustainable participation. This study implied that VR sports offer an opportunity for people to be together, regardless of gender, and that it is becoming a part of healthy leisure sports culture.http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/10/3475sustainable participationleisure satisfactionVR sportsgender differencesleisure
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Chul-Ho Bum
Tara Q. Mahoney
Chulhwan Choi
spellingShingle Chul-Ho Bum
Tara Q. Mahoney
Chulhwan Choi
A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports
Sustainability
sustainable participation
leisure satisfaction
VR sports
gender differences
leisure
author_facet Chul-Ho Bum
Tara Q. Mahoney
Chulhwan Choi
author_sort Chul-Ho Bum
title A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports
title_short A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports
title_full A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports
title_fullStr A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports
title_full_unstemmed A Comparative Analysis of Satisfaction and Sustainable Participation in Actual Leisure Sports and Virtual Reality Leisure Sports
title_sort comparative analysis of satisfaction and sustainable participation in actual leisure sports and virtual reality leisure sports
publisher MDPI AG
series Sustainability
issn 2071-1050
publishDate 2018-09-01
description The advanced technology of virtual reality (VR) has brought about significant changes in our society, and leisure sports are no exception. The purpose of this study was to assess how leisure satisfaction with leisure sports and degree of sustainable participation affect men and women in actual sports and virtual reality (VR) sports. Exploratory factor analysis was applied to confirm scale validity and reliability, and multivariate analysis of variance and multiple regression were conducted for comparative analysis and linear relationships between variances. The results showed that while men typically participate in ‘masculine’ sports and women in ‘feminine’ sports, both genders equally enjoy the same types of VR sports. In terms of gender differences, female VR sport participants placed importance on educational leisure satisfaction and the intent of sustainable participation. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in the physical, psychological, or social leisure satisfaction factors, indicating no differences in satisfaction between performing actual sports and those in the VR environment. In addition, all factors except relaxation factor, had a positive impact on intent of sustainable participation. This study implied that VR sports offer an opportunity for people to be together, regardless of gender, and that it is becoming a part of healthy leisure sports culture.
topic sustainable participation
leisure satisfaction
VR sports
gender differences
leisure
url http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/10/10/3475
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