Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>

Autophagy is an intracellular process in all eukaryotes which is responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, recycling of organelles, and recycling of proteins. It is an important cellular process responsible for the effective virulence of several pathogenic plant fungal strains, ha...

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Main Authors: A. Rehman Khalid, Shumin Zhang, Xiumei Luo, Hamayun Shaheen, Afshan Majeed, Mehdi Maqbool, Noosheen Zahid, Junaid Rahim, Maozhi Ren, Dan Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4932
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spelling doaj-242e9e90dde74e508924c366ef620da62021-05-31T23:19:13ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-05-01224932493210.3390/ijms22094932Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>A. Rehman Khalid0Shumin Zhang1Xiumei Luo2Hamayun Shaheen3Afshan Majeed4Mehdi Maqbool5Noosheen Zahid6Junaid Rahim7Maozhi Ren8Dan Qiu9School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaSchool of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaDepartment of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad 13100, PakistanDepartment of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, PakistanDepartment of Horticulture, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, PakistanDepartment of Entomology, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir 12350, PakistanSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, ChinaAutophagy is an intracellular process in all eukaryotes which is responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, recycling of organelles, and recycling of proteins. It is an important cellular process responsible for the effective virulence of several pathogenic plant fungal strains, having critical impacts on important crop plants including potatoes. However, the detailed physiological mechanisms of autophagy involved in the infection biology of soil-borne pathogens in the potato crop needs to be investigated further. In this study, the autophagy-related gene, <i>FoATG12</i>, in potato dry rot fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was investigated by means of target gene replacement and overexpression. The deletion mutant ∆<i>FoATG12</i> showed reduction in conidial formation and exhibited impaired aerial hyphae. The <i>FoATG12</i> affected the expression of genes involved in pathogenicity and vegetative growth, as well as on morphology features of the colony under stressors. It was found that the disease symptoms were delayed upon being inoculated by the deletion mutant of <i>FoATG12</i> compared to the wild-type (WT) and overexpression (OE), while the deletion mutant showed the disease symptoms on tomato plants. The results confirmed the significant role of the autophagy-related <i>ATG12</i> gene in the production of aerial hyphae and the effective virulence of <i>F. oxysporum</i> in the potato crop. The current findings provid an enhanced gene-level understanding of the autophagy-related virulence of <i>F. oxysporum</i>, which could be helpful in pathogen control research and could have vital impacts on the potato crop.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4932autophagy<i>FoATG12</i><i>F. oxysporum</i>potato dry rotvirulencefilamentous fungi
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author A. Rehman Khalid
Shumin Zhang
Xiumei Luo
Hamayun Shaheen
Afshan Majeed
Mehdi Maqbool
Noosheen Zahid
Junaid Rahim
Maozhi Ren
Dan Qiu
spellingShingle A. Rehman Khalid
Shumin Zhang
Xiumei Luo
Hamayun Shaheen
Afshan Majeed
Mehdi Maqbool
Noosheen Zahid
Junaid Rahim
Maozhi Ren
Dan Qiu
Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
autophagy
<i>FoATG12</i>
<i>F. oxysporum</i>
potato dry rot
virulence
filamentous fungi
author_facet A. Rehman Khalid
Shumin Zhang
Xiumei Luo
Hamayun Shaheen
Afshan Majeed
Mehdi Maqbool
Noosheen Zahid
Junaid Rahim
Maozhi Ren
Dan Qiu
author_sort A. Rehman Khalid
title Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
title_short Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
title_full Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
title_fullStr Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
title_full_unstemmed Functional Analysis of Autophagy-Related Gene <i>ATG12</i> in Potato Dry Rot Fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>
title_sort functional analysis of autophagy-related gene <i>atg12</i> in potato dry rot fungus <i>fusarium oxysporum</i>
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1661-6596
1422-0067
publishDate 2021-05-01
description Autophagy is an intracellular process in all eukaryotes which is responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, recycling of organelles, and recycling of proteins. It is an important cellular process responsible for the effective virulence of several pathogenic plant fungal strains, having critical impacts on important crop plants including potatoes. However, the detailed physiological mechanisms of autophagy involved in the infection biology of soil-borne pathogens in the potato crop needs to be investigated further. In this study, the autophagy-related gene, <i>FoATG12</i>, in potato dry rot fungus <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> was investigated by means of target gene replacement and overexpression. The deletion mutant ∆<i>FoATG12</i> showed reduction in conidial formation and exhibited impaired aerial hyphae. The <i>FoATG12</i> affected the expression of genes involved in pathogenicity and vegetative growth, as well as on morphology features of the colony under stressors. It was found that the disease symptoms were delayed upon being inoculated by the deletion mutant of <i>FoATG12</i> compared to the wild-type (WT) and overexpression (OE), while the deletion mutant showed the disease symptoms on tomato plants. The results confirmed the significant role of the autophagy-related <i>ATG12</i> gene in the production of aerial hyphae and the effective virulence of <i>F. oxysporum</i> in the potato crop. The current findings provid an enhanced gene-level understanding of the autophagy-related virulence of <i>F. oxysporum</i>, which could be helpful in pathogen control research and could have vital impacts on the potato crop.
topic autophagy
<i>FoATG12</i>
<i>F. oxysporum</i>
potato dry rot
virulence
filamentous fungi
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/9/4932
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