Effect of reservoir pay thickness on the performance of the THAI heavy oil and bitumen upgrading and production process

• Main Author: Muhammad Rabiu Ado
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: SpringerOpen 2020-02-01
• Series: Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology
• Subjects: Reservoir pay thickness; Toe-to-heel air injection (THAI); Enhanced oil recovery (EOR); In situ combustion (ISC); Reservoir simulation; Bitumen/heavy oil
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00840-5

Abstract The increasing energy demand has to be met while we transitioned to a decarbonized energy future. Heavy oil and bitumen reserves are urgently needed to be developed to ensure that a smooth transition is provided. In this work, field-scale kinetics parameters are used to study the effect of reservoir pay thickness on the performance of toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) process. Air was injected at constant rate into three different models with the thicknesses of 24 m, 16 m, and 8 m, respectively. The oil produced is slightly affected by the reservoir thickness. It is found that the lower the reservoir thickness, the larger the cumulative air-to-oil ratio (cAOR), indicating that heat loss increases with the decrease in the reservoir thickness. This trend is similar to steam-based processes. At constant air injection flux, it is found that both the cumulative oil produced and the cAOR decrease with the decrease in the reservoir thicknesses. This decrease is attributed to the decrease in the rate of heat generation in the thinner reservoirs, which in turn results in lower combustion zone temperature and thus lower temperature gradients between the reservoir and the overburden and the reservoir and the underburden. Consequently, a more general conclusion is that decreasing the air injection rate by the same factor the reservoir thickness is decreased (i.e. keeping the air injection flux constant) results in a more economical THAI process operation compared to when the air injection rate is kept constant (i.e. allowing increase in air injection flux).