Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives

Recently we have highlighted the importance of hypergolic reactions in carbon materials synthesis. In an effort to expand this topic with additional new paradigms, herein we present novel preparations of carbon nanomaterials, such-like carbon nanosheets and fullerols (hydroxylated fullerenes), throu...

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Main Authors:	Nikolaos Chalmpes, Konstantinos Spyrou, Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos, Athanasios B. Bourlinos, Dimitrios Moschovas, Apostolos Avgeropoulos, Christina Gioti, Michael A. Karakassides, Dimitrios Gournis
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-05-01
Series:	Molecules
Subjects:	hypergolic reactions sodium peroxide carbon nanosheets fullerols useful energy
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2207

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spelling	doaj-2297d413e51147ab8a2ee1c7ee4ddd8b2020-11-25T03:10:25ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-05-01252207220710.3390/molecules25092207Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and PerspectivesNikolaos Chalmpes0Konstantinos Spyrou1Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos2Athanasios B. Bourlinos3Dimitrios Moschovas4Apostolos Avgeropoulos5Christina Gioti6Michael A. Karakassides7Dimitrios Gournis8Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreecePhysics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceRecently we have highlighted the importance of hypergolic reactions in carbon materials synthesis. In an effort to expand this topic with additional new paradigms, herein we present novel preparations of carbon nanomaterials, such-like carbon nanosheets and fullerols (hydroxylated fullerenes), through spontaneous ignition of coffee-sodium peroxide (Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and C<sub>60</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> hypergolic mixtures, respectively. In these cases, coffee and fullerenes played the role of the combustible fuel, whereas sodium peroxide the role of the strong oxidizer (e.g., source of highly concentrated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The involved reactions are both thermodynamically and kinetically favoured, thus allowing rapid product formation at ambient conditions. In addition, we provide tips on how to exploit the released energy of such highly exothermic reactions in the generation of useful work.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2207hypergolic reactionssodium peroxidecarbon nanosheetsfullerolsuseful energy
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Nikolaos Chalmpes Konstantinos Spyrou Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos Athanasios B. Bourlinos Dimitrios Moschovas Apostolos Avgeropoulos Christina Gioti Michael A. Karakassides Dimitrios Gournis
spellingShingle	Nikolaos Chalmpes Konstantinos Spyrou Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos Athanasios B. Bourlinos Dimitrios Moschovas Apostolos Avgeropoulos Christina Gioti Michael A. Karakassides Dimitrios Gournis Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives Molecules hypergolic reactions sodium peroxide carbon nanosheets fullerols useful energy
author_facet	Nikolaos Chalmpes Konstantinos Spyrou Konstantinos C. Vasilopoulos Athanasios B. Bourlinos Dimitrios Moschovas Apostolos Avgeropoulos Christina Gioti Michael A. Karakassides Dimitrios Gournis
author_sort	Nikolaos Chalmpes
title	Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives
title_short	Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives
title_full	Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives
title_fullStr	Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives
title_full_unstemmed	Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives
title_sort	hypergolics in carbon nanomaterials synthesis: new paradigms and perspectives
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Molecules
issn	1420-3049
publishDate	2020-05-01
description	Recently we have highlighted the importance of hypergolic reactions in carbon materials synthesis. In an effort to expand this topic with additional new paradigms, herein we present novel preparations of carbon nanomaterials, such-like carbon nanosheets and fullerols (hydroxylated fullerenes), through spontaneous ignition of coffee-sodium peroxide (Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and C<sub>60</sub>-Na<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> hypergolic mixtures, respectively. In these cases, coffee and fullerenes played the role of the combustible fuel, whereas sodium peroxide the role of the strong oxidizer (e.g., source of highly concentrated H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>). The involved reactions are both thermodynamically and kinetically favoured, thus allowing rapid product formation at ambient conditions. In addition, we provide tips on how to exploit the released energy of such highly exothermic reactions in the generation of useful work.
topic	hypergolic reactions sodium peroxide carbon nanosheets fullerols useful energy
url	https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2207
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Hypergolics in Carbon Nanomaterials Synthesis: New Paradigms and Perspectives

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