| Summary: | The results of a long-term study of different levels and systems of fertilizers under the conditions of a stationary field experiment, laid in 1964, in a field crop rotation on pea crops, influence of a single, double and triple doses of fertilizers on mineral, organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems on the structural state, full and capillary water capacity of podzolized heavy-loamed chernozem at the beginning and the end of vegetation are presented in the article. It has been established that the structural state of the soil deteriorates at the beginning of vegetation period with the mineral fertilizer of the third level, the number of agronomically valuable aggregates in the soil layer of 10–20 cm decreased by almost 4 % compared to the control; this was mainly due to the increase in the share of macro- and microaggregates.
In variants of the organic fertilizer system, especially with high doses of its application (variant of 18 t/ha of manure) in the soil layer of 10–20 cm, the number of mesoaggregates increased by 5 % compared to the control. In a context of organo-mineral fertilizer system, the structural state of the podzolized chernozem was at the level of the variants of the organic fertilizer system. Studies have found that soil density increases primarily due to the rise in the share of clay fraction, and this is quite clearly appeared in the variants of the mineral fertilizer system, while under the organic and organo-mineral systems their share decreases. With a general decrease in soil water conductivity during the vegetation period, it was still higher than control in the variants of organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems. Manure 13.5 t + N67P102K54, where the triple amount of fertilizers of the organo-mineral fertilizer system was applied, was the best variant in terms of the pea productivity and its profitability among the fertilizer systems that were tested in the experiment.
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