Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>

To address the structure–activity relationship of <i>Chlamys farreri</i> polysaccharides on their immunostimulatory efficacy, two polysaccharides (CFP-1 and CFP-2) were extracted from <i>Chlamys farreri</i> by hot water extraction, and separated through column chromatography....

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Main Authors: Fulin Shi, Zhicong Liu, Yang Liu, Kit-Leong Cheong, Bo Teng, Bilal Muhammad Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-08-01
Series:Marine Drugs
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/8/429
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spelling doaj-2251e7db088e48f5a3bef73a835e24ea2020-11-25T03:20:48ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972020-08-011842942910.3390/md18080429Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>Fulin Shi0Zhicong Liu1Yang Liu2Kit-Leong Cheong3Bo Teng4Bilal Muhammad Khan5Department of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaDepartment of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaDepartment of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaDepartment of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaDepartment of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaDepartment of Biology & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Marine Sciences, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, ChinaTo address the structure–activity relationship of <i>Chlamys farreri</i> polysaccharides on their immunostimulatory efficacy, two polysaccharides (CFP-1 and CFP-2) were extracted from <i>Chlamys farreri</i> by hot water extraction, and separated through column chromatography. The isolated CFPs were chemically analyzed to clarify their physicochemical characteristics and cultured with murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, in order to evaluate their immunostimulatory efficacy. Despite the fact that both CFP-1 and CFP-2 were mainly comprised of glucose lacking the triple-helix structure, as revealed through preliminary physicochemical analyses, obvious differences in regard to molecular weight (Mw), glucuronic acid content (GAc) and branching degree (BD) were observed between CFP-1 and CFP-2. In in vitro immunostimulatory assays for macrophage RAW264.7 cells, it was demonstrated that CFP-2 with larger Mw, more GAc and BD could evidently promote phagocytosis and increase the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, by activating the expression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β genes, respectively. Hence, CFP-2 shows great promise as a potential immunostimulatory agent in the functional foods and nutraceutical industry, while CFP-1, with lower molecular weight, less GAc and BD, displays its weaker immunostimulatory efficacy, based on the indistinctive immunostimulatory parameters of CFP-1.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/8/429<i>Chlamys farreri</i> polysaccharidesphysicochemical analysisRAW264.7 cellsimmunostimulatory activity
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Fulin Shi
Zhicong Liu
Yang Liu
Kit-Leong Cheong
Bo Teng
Bilal Muhammad Khan
spellingShingle Fulin Shi
Zhicong Liu
Yang Liu
Kit-Leong Cheong
Bo Teng
Bilal Muhammad Khan
Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>
Marine Drugs
<i>Chlamys farreri</i> polysaccharides
physicochemical analysis
RAW264.7 cells
immunostimulatory activity
author_facet Fulin Shi
Zhicong Liu
Yang Liu
Kit-Leong Cheong
Bo Teng
Bilal Muhammad Khan
author_sort Fulin Shi
title Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>
title_short Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>
title_full Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>
title_fullStr Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Physicochemical Characteristics and Macrophage Immunostimulatory Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Chlamys farreri</i>
title_sort comparison of physicochemical characteristics and macrophage immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides from <i>chlamys farreri</i>
publisher MDPI AG
series Marine Drugs
issn 1660-3397
publishDate 2020-08-01
description To address the structure–activity relationship of <i>Chlamys farreri</i> polysaccharides on their immunostimulatory efficacy, two polysaccharides (CFP-1 and CFP-2) were extracted from <i>Chlamys farreri</i> by hot water extraction, and separated through column chromatography. The isolated CFPs were chemically analyzed to clarify their physicochemical characteristics and cultured with murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells, in order to evaluate their immunostimulatory efficacy. Despite the fact that both CFP-1 and CFP-2 were mainly comprised of glucose lacking the triple-helix structure, as revealed through preliminary physicochemical analyses, obvious differences in regard to molecular weight (Mw), glucuronic acid content (GAc) and branching degree (BD) were observed between CFP-1 and CFP-2. In in vitro immunostimulatory assays for macrophage RAW264.7 cells, it was demonstrated that CFP-2 with larger Mw, more GAc and BD could evidently promote phagocytosis and increase the production of NO, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β secretion, by activating the expression of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β genes, respectively. Hence, CFP-2 shows great promise as a potential immunostimulatory agent in the functional foods and nutraceutical industry, while CFP-1, with lower molecular weight, less GAc and BD, displays its weaker immunostimulatory efficacy, based on the indistinctive immunostimulatory parameters of CFP-1.
topic <i>Chlamys farreri</i> polysaccharides
physicochemical analysis
RAW264.7 cells
immunostimulatory activity
url https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/18/8/429
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