| Summary: | Oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammatory stress affect many neurological disorders. Despite the clinical significance of oxidative damage in neurological disorders, still, no effective and safe treatment methods for neuro diseases are available. With this, molecular hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) has been recently reported as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent to treat several oxidative stress-related diseases. In animal and human clinical trials, the routes for H<sub>2</sub> administration are mainly categorized into three types: H<sub>2</sub> gas inhalation, H<sub>2</sub> water dissolving, and H<sub>2</sub>-dissolved saline injection. This review explores some significant progress in research on H<sub>2</sub> use in neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, neonatal disorders of the brain, and other NDs (retinal ischemia and traumatic brain injury). Even though most neurological problems are not currently curable, these studies have shown the therapeutic potential for prevention, treatment, and mitigation of H<sub>2</sub> administration. Several possible H<sub>2</sub>-effectors, including cell signaling molecules and hormones, which prevent OS and inflammation, will also be addressed. However, more clinical and other related studies are required to evaluate the direct H<sub>2</sub> target molecule.
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