| Summary: | The relations between native peoples and Brazilian society are historically mediated by the State. In the Republic, due to the conflicts promoted by expansionist fronts, the Indian Protection Service was created (1910), implementing the tutelary regime. During the Military Regime, the SPI was extinguished and replaced by FUNAI, which followed the same integrationist principles, linked to development policy in the Amazon. The 1988 Constitution abolished these precepts and recognized the autonomous organization of these peoples. In recent decades, the Brazilian State, in line with agribusiness, mining and other interests, has restricted the ethnic and territorial autonomy of indigenous peoples. The article analyzes the impacts of these policies on the social organization and cosmopolitics of these peoples, in the fields of education, development, territoriality and interethnic relations.
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