| Summary: | This article intends to shed light over the reasons for the rise and strengthening of the jihadist group ISIL - The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant - and its activities in Syria and Iraq as well as how the administration of the life of millions of people residing in the territories under its control is managed. Additionally, we seek to clarify the political, historical and social foundations that enabled and fuelled its appearance and current military advances in both countries. It has been verified that ISIS has, fundamentally, political origins and is a reflex of the dismantling of the Iraqi state after the fall of Saddam Hussein in 2003 as well as of the power vacuum instated in Syria in the aftermath of its civil war in 2011.
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