How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.

<h4>Background</h4>The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control makes a number of recommendations aimed at restricting the marketing of tobacco products. Tobacco industry political activity has been identified as an obstacle to Parties' development and implementation of these provisi...

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Main Authors: Emily Savell, Anna B Gilmore, Gary Fooks
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2014-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24505286/?tool=EBI
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spelling doaj-20966e223edb4feeab8374ee2359123e2021-03-04T11:58:09ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0192e8738910.1371/journal.pone.0087389How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.Emily SavellAnna B GilmoreGary Fooks<h4>Background</h4>The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control makes a number of recommendations aimed at restricting the marketing of tobacco products. Tobacco industry political activity has been identified as an obstacle to Parties' development and implementation of these provisions. This study systematically reviews the existing literature on tobacco industry efforts to influence marketing regulations and develops taxonomies of 1) industry strategies and tactics and 2) industry frames and arguments.<h4>Methods</h4>Searches were conducted between April-July 2011, and updated in March 2013. Articles were included if they made reference to tobacco industry efforts to influence marketing regulations; supported claims with verifiable evidence; were written in English; and concerned the period 1990-2013. 48 articles met the review criteria. Narrative synthesis was used to combine the evidence.<h4>Results</h4>56% of articles focused on activity in North America, Europe or Australasia, the rest focusing on Asia (17%), South America, Africa or transnational activity. Six main political strategies and four main frames were identified. The tobacco industry frequently claims that the proposed policy will have negative unintended consequences, that there are legal barriers to regulation, and that the regulation is unnecessary because, for example, industry does not market to youth or adheres to a voluntary code. The industry primarily conveys these arguments through direct and indirect lobbying, the promotion of voluntary codes and alternative policies, and the formation of alliances with other industrial sectors. The majority of tactics and arguments were used in multiple jurisdictions.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Tobacco industry political activity is far more diverse than suggested by existing taxonomies of corporate political activity. Tactics and arguments are repeated across jurisdictions, suggesting that the taxonomies of industry tactics and arguments developed in this paper are generalisable to multiple jurisdictions and can be used to predict industry activity.https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24505286/?tool=EBI
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Emily Savell
Anna B Gilmore
Gary Fooks
spellingShingle Emily Savell
Anna B Gilmore
Gary Fooks
How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
PLoS ONE
author_facet Emily Savell
Anna B Gilmore
Gary Fooks
author_sort Emily Savell
title How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
title_short How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
title_full How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
title_fullStr How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
title_full_unstemmed How does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? A systematic review.
title_sort how does the tobacco industry attempt to influence marketing regulations? a systematic review.
publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
series PLoS ONE
issn 1932-6203
publishDate 2014-01-01
description <h4>Background</h4>The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control makes a number of recommendations aimed at restricting the marketing of tobacco products. Tobacco industry political activity has been identified as an obstacle to Parties' development and implementation of these provisions. This study systematically reviews the existing literature on tobacco industry efforts to influence marketing regulations and develops taxonomies of 1) industry strategies and tactics and 2) industry frames and arguments.<h4>Methods</h4>Searches were conducted between April-July 2011, and updated in March 2013. Articles were included if they made reference to tobacco industry efforts to influence marketing regulations; supported claims with verifiable evidence; were written in English; and concerned the period 1990-2013. 48 articles met the review criteria. Narrative synthesis was used to combine the evidence.<h4>Results</h4>56% of articles focused on activity in North America, Europe or Australasia, the rest focusing on Asia (17%), South America, Africa or transnational activity. Six main political strategies and four main frames were identified. The tobacco industry frequently claims that the proposed policy will have negative unintended consequences, that there are legal barriers to regulation, and that the regulation is unnecessary because, for example, industry does not market to youth or adheres to a voluntary code. The industry primarily conveys these arguments through direct and indirect lobbying, the promotion of voluntary codes and alternative policies, and the formation of alliances with other industrial sectors. The majority of tactics and arguments were used in multiple jurisdictions.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Tobacco industry political activity is far more diverse than suggested by existing taxonomies of corporate political activity. Tactics and arguments are repeated across jurisdictions, suggesting that the taxonomies of industry tactics and arguments developed in this paper are generalisable to multiple jurisdictions and can be used to predict industry activity.
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24505286/?tool=EBI
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