Why Do We Not Assess Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Heart Failure Management: Might GRK2 Serve as a New Biomarker?

Why Do We Not Assess Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Heart Failure Management: Might GRK2 Serve as a New Biomarker?

Heart failure (HF) represents the end-stage condition of several structural and functional cardiovascular diseases, characterized by reduced myocardial pump function and increased pressure load. The dysregulation of neurohormonal systems, especially the hyperactivity of the cardiac adrenergic nervou...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Leonardo Bencivenga, Maria Emiliana Palaia, Immacolata Sepe, Giuseppina Gambino, Klara Komici, Alessandro Cannavo, Grazia Daniela Femminella, Giuseppe Rengo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
Series:Cells
Subjects:
heart failure
cardiac adrenergic nervous system
biomarkers
GRK2
β-adrenergic receptor signaling
Lymphocyte
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/457

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