BCR and its mutants, the reciprocal t(9;22)-associated ABL/BCR fusion proteins, differentially regulate the cytoskeleton and cell motility

• Main Authors: Puccetti Elena, Beissert Tim, Güller Saskia, Zheng Xiaomin, Ruthardt Martin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2006-11-01
• Series: BMC Cancer
• Online Access: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/6/262

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The reciprocal (9;22) translocation fuses the <it>bcr </it>(breakpoint cluster region) gene on chromosome 22 to the <it>abl </it>(Abelson-leukemia-virus) gene on chromosome 9. Depending on the breakpoint on chromosome 22 (the Philadelphia chromosome – Ph+) the derivative 9+ encodes either the p40^(ABL/BCR)fusion transcript, detectable in about 65% patients suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia, or the p96^(ABL/BCR)fusion transcript, detectable in 100% of Ph+ acute lymphatic leukemia patients. The ABL/BCRs are N-terminally truncated BCR mutants. The fact that BCR contains Rho-GEF and Rac-GAP functions strongly suggest an important role in cytoskeleton modeling by regulating the activity of Rho-like GTPases, such as Rho, Rac and cdc42. We, therefore, compared the function of the ABL/BCR proteins with that of wild-type BCR.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We investigated the effects of BCR and ABL/BCRs i.) on the activation status of Rho, Rac and cdc42 in GTPase-activation assays; ii.) on the actin cytoskeleton by direct immunofluorescence; and iii) on cell motility by studying migration into a three-dimensional stroma spheroid model, adhesion on an endothelial cell layer under shear stress in a flow chamber model, and chemotaxis and endothelial transmigration in a transwell model with an SDF-1α gradient.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Here we show that both ABL/BCRs lost fundamental functional features of BCR regarding the regulation of small Rho-like GTPases with negative consequences on cell motility, in particular on the capacity to adhere to endothelial cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data presented here describe for the first time an analysis of the biological function of the reciprocal t(9;22) ABL/BCR fusion proteins in comparison to their physiological counterpart BCR.</p>