12q14.3 microdeletion involving HMGA2 gene cause a Silver-Russell syndrome-like phenotype: a case report and review of the literature

• Main Authors: Francesca Mercadante, Martina Busè, Emanuela Salzano, Tiziana Fragapane, Daniela Palazzo, Michela Malacarne, Maria Piccione
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BMC 2020-07-01
• Series: Italian Journal of Pediatrics
• Subjects: Silver-Russell syndrome; Failure to thrive; HMGA2 gene; Netchine-Harbison clinical scoring system; Case report
• Online Access: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13052-020-00866-9

Abstract Background Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) is a genetic disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction and normal head circumference with consequent relative macrocephaly. Addictional findings are protruding forehead in early life, body asymmetry (of upper and lower limbs) and substantial feeding difficulties. Although several genetic mechanisms that cause the syndrome are known, more than 40% of patients with a SRS-like phenotype remain without an etiological diagnosis. In the last few years, different clinical reports have suggested that mutations or deletions of the HMGA2 gene can be responsible for a SRS-like phenotype in patients with negative results of the common diagnostic tests for this syndrome. Case presentation We present a 3-year-old male patient with clinical diagnosis of Silver-Russell Syndrome (SRS) associated with a de novo heterozygous deletion of the long arm of the chromosome 12 (12q14.3) encompassing the HMGA2 gene. Conclusions Our report confirms the etiological role of HMGA2 as a disease gene in the development of a SRS-like phenotype.