INTEGRASI KEBIJAKAN PERSEDIAAN-TRANSPORTASI (PENGIRIMAN LANGSUNG DAN BERBAGI) DI SISTEM RANTAI PASOK 4-ESELON

• Main Authors: Amelia Santoso, Senator Nur Bahagia, Suprayogi Suprayogi, Dwiwahju Sasongko
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Petra Christian University 2009-01-01
• Series: Jurnal Teknik Industri
• Subjects: integration; inventory policy; transportation policy; multi-echelon
• Online Access: http://puslit2.petra.ac.id/ejournal/index.php/ind/article/view/17098

Coordination among manufacturers, distributors and retailers is a key of success in supply chain management. Moreover, coordination is also needed in distributing product (managing inventory and transportation) from an echelon to its successive echelons. The transportation policy and inventory policy affect each others so the inventory and transportation policy should be integrated. This paper develops model of integrated inventory-transportation policies in 4-echelons supply chain systems that consist of a manufacturer, a distribution center, distributors and retailers. This model considers continuous production process as well as time-dependent demand. We consider direct and sharing shipping at distributor when we only consider direct shipping at manufacturer and distribution center. The production policy at the manufacturer, replenishment policies at the distribution center, distributors and retailers, and transportation policies at the manufacturer, distribution center and distributors will be determined in order to minimize system cost. The system cost consists of total costs at the manufacturer, distribution centers, distributors and retailers. Due to the model is classified as NP-hard model, the model is solved using genetic algorithm. From the result of genetic algorithm, the total system cost if the distributors who use sharing shipping as well as direct shipping, is lower stasitiscally than the distributors who only use direct shipping for delivering produk to their retailers. Abstract in Bahasa Indonesia: Koordinasi antar pabrik, distributor dan pengecer merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam sistem rantai pasok. Koordinasi diperlukan saat pendistribusian produk (pengaturan persediaan dan transportasi) dari satu eselon ke eselon di bawahnya. Kebijakan transportasi mempengaruhi kebijakan persediaan dan sebaliknya oleh karena itu kedua kebijakan tersebut seharusnya ditetapkan secara terintegrasi. Paper ini mengembangkan model integrasi kebijakan persediaan-transportasi di sistem rantai pasok 4-eselon yang terdiri dari sebuah pabrik dengan proses produksi kontinu, sebuah gudang penyangga, multi distributor dan multi pengecer. Model ini mempertimbangkan permintaan yang bergantung pada waktu, pengiriman langsung di pabrik dan gudang penyangga serta pengiriman langsung dan berbagi di distributor. Paper ini menetapkan kebijakan produksi di pabrik, kebijakan pemesanan di gudang penyangga, distributor dan pengecer serta kebijakan transportasi di pabrik, gudang penyangga dan distributor untuk meminimumkan ongkos sistem. Ongkos sistem terdiri atas ongkos total di pabrik, gudang penyangga, distributor dan pengecer. Model yang dikembangkan termasuk dalam kategori NP-hard sehingga dikembangkan metode solusi yang berbasis pada algoritma genetika. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari hasil algoritma genetika menyatakan bahwa ongkos total sistem lebih kecil secara statistik jika pengiriman langsung dan berbagi dipergunakan di distributor dibandingkan hanya menggunakan pengiriman langsung. Kata kunci: integrasi, kebijakan persediaan, kebijakan transportasi, multi eselon