A case-control study of microenvironmental risk factors for urban visceral leishmaniasis in a large city in Brazil, 1999-2000 Estudio de casos y controles sobre factores microambientales de riesgo de leishmaniasis visceral urbana en una gran urbe de Brasil, 1999-2000
OBJECTIVES: We investigated potential microenvironmental risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in urban and suburban areas, and developed risk scores to characterize the household and the neighborhood. These scores may be useful to identify microenvironments within cities that place residents at g...
Main Authors: | , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Pan American Health Organization
2006-12-01
|
Series: | Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1020-49892006001100002 |
Summary: | OBJECTIVES: We investigated potential microenvironmental risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in urban and suburban areas, and developed risk scores to characterize the household and the neighborhood. These scores may be useful to identify microenvironments within cities that place residents at greater risk of visceral leishmaniasis. METHODS: In this case-control study, cases were all persons with visceral leishmaniasis reported from July 1999 through December 2000 in the Belo Horizonte metropolitan area, Brazil. Two kinds of controls-neighborhood and hospital-were used. Cases and controls were matched by age (±2 years). We developed four scores to characterize the microenvironment (indoor, outdoor, animal indoor, and animal outdoor), and also considered the level of urbanization of the area. RESULTS: A total of 106 neighborhood controls and 60 hospital controls were identified for 109 cases. Among the cases, 69 (63.3%) were men and 40 (36.7%) were women. Most cases were under 15 years old (64.2%), and 39 (35.8%) were 15 years old or more. The outdoor score [odds ratio (OR) = 1.49; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-2.14] and animal outdoor scores (OR = 1.79[95% CI 1.21-2.65]) were significantly associated with the odds of visceral leishmaniasis in our sample. We also found a significant interaction between sex and age. Compared to females 15 years old or more, males 15 years old or more were more likely to have visceral leishmaniasis (OR = 7.02[95% CI 2.20-22.20]). CONCLUSIONS: Animals in the neighborhood were associated with a greater odds of visceral leishmaniasis. Cases were more likely than controls to live in transitional or rural areas, although this difference was not statistically significant, possibly because of the small sample size.<br>OBJETIVOS: Se investigaron los posibles factores microambientales de riesgo de leishmaniasis visceral en áreas urbanas y suburbanas y se elaboraron sistemas de puntuación del riesgo para caracterizar los hogares y los vecindarios. Estas puntuaciones pueden ayudar a identificar dentro de las ciudades microambientes que implican un mayor riesgo de leishmaniasis visceral para sus habitantes. MÉTODOS: En este estudio de casos y controles, los casos fueron todas las personas con leishmaniasis visceral informadas entre julio de 1999 y diciembre de 2000 en el área metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Se utilizaron dos tipos de controles: de vecindario y de hospital. Los casos y controles se parearon por la edad (± 2 años). Se establecieron cuatro puntuaciones para caracterizar el microambiente: interior de los hogares, exterior de los hogares, animales en los hogares y animales en el vecindario. También se consideró el nivel de urbanización del área. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 106 controles de vecindario y 60 de hospital para los 109 casos. De estos, 69 (63,3%) eran hombres y 40 (36,7%) eran mujeres. La mayoría de los casos (64,2%) tenían menos de 15 años de edad y 39 (35,8%) tenían 15 años o más. La puntuación del exterior de los hogares (OR = 1,49; intervalo de confianza de 95% [IC95%] = 1,03-2,14) y de animales en el vecindario (OR = 1,79; [1,21-2,65]) mostraron una asociación significativa con la posibilidad de padecer leishmaniasis visceral en la muestra. También se encontró una interacción significativa entre el sexo y la edad. Los hombres de 15 años de edad o más tuvieron mayor probabilidad de padecer leishmaniasis visceral que las mujeres de 15 años o más (OR = 7,02; [2,20-22,20]). CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de animales en el vecindario estuvo asociada con una mayor posibilidad de leishmaniasis visceral. Los casos presentaron mayor probabilidad de vivir en áreas rurales o de transición que los controles, aunque esta diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa, posiblemente debido al pequeño tamaño de la muestra. |
---|---|
ISSN: | 1020-4989 1680-5348 |