| Summary: | <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (<i>E. coli</i> O157:H7) is a pathogenic strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i> which has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> is important in environmental and food quality monitoring. In spite of their advantages and high acceptance, culture-based methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, ATP bioluminescence, and solid-phase cytometry have various drawbacks, including being time-consuming, requiring trained technicians and/or specific equipment, and producing biological waste. Therefore, there is necessity for affordable, rapid, and simple approaches. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise for rapid food- and water-borne pathogen detection. Over the last decade, various attempts have been made to develop techniques for the rapid quantification of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. This review covers the importance of <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 and recent progress (from 2015 to 2020) in the development of the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors developed for <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 using different nanomaterials, labels, and electrochemical transducers.
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