A Review of Impact of Bam Earthquake on Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Status: Epidemic of Old Foci, Emergence of New Foci and Changes in Features of the Disease

• Main Authors: Mohammad Reza Aflatoonian, Iraj Sharifi, Bahnaz Aflatoonian, Mohammad Reza Shirzadi, Mohammad Mahdi Gouya, Alireza Kermanizadeh
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2016-06-01
• Series: Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases
• Subjects: Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Disaster; Earthquake; Iran
• Online Access: https://jad.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jad/article/view/154

Background: Global findings indicate that incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) has significantly in­creased during the past decade, as documented in many countries. This review was aimed to evaluate the trend of CL cases in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics during a decade after the earthquake (2003–2012) com­pared to the corresponding period before the earthquake in Bam (1993–2003). Methods: Direct smear preparations along with different intrinsic methods were used for detection and identification of the causative agents. Results: Overall, 20999 cases of CL have occurred during the last 20 years (1993–2012), 6731 cases before and 14268 cases after the earthquake (P< 0.001). Conclusions: Following a major earthquake, several risk factors could activate epidemics of cutaneous leishmaniasis in old foci and induce emerging foci in new areas.