Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, com...
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doaj-1a6e9146dba541dd8f4eb34aae8025ff2020-11-25T04:09:14ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-11-01135154515410.3390/ma13225154Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive TestingDuohao Yin0Qianjun Xu1State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaNon-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, computed tomography (CT) scan testing, and a destructive test method, elastic modulus testing. Sandstone specimens were subjected to different levels of damage through cyclic loading and different damage variables derived from five different measured parameters—longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity, first wave amplitude attenuation, resistivity, effective bearing area and the elastic modulus—were compared. The results show that the NDT methods all reflect the damage levels for sandstone accurately. The damage variable derived from the P-wave velocity is more consistent with the other damage variables, and the amplitude attenuation is more sensitive to damage. The damage variable derived from the effective bearing area is smaller than that derived from the other NDT measurement parameters. Resistivity provides a more stable measure of damage, and damage derived from the acoustic parameters is less stable. By developing P-wave velocity-to-resistivity models based on theoretical and empirical relationships, it was found that differences between these two damage parameters can be explained by differences between the mechanisms through which they respond to porosity, since the resistivity reflect pore structure, while the P-wave velocity reflects the extent of the continuous medium within the sandstone.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/22/5154non-destructive testingP-wave velocityamplitude attenuationresistivityCT scansandstone |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Duohao Yin Qianjun Xu |
spellingShingle |
Duohao Yin Qianjun Xu Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing Materials non-destructive testing P-wave velocity amplitude attenuation resistivity CT scan sandstone |
author_facet |
Duohao Yin Qianjun Xu |
author_sort |
Duohao Yin |
title |
Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing |
title_short |
Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing |
title_full |
Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing |
title_fullStr |
Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing |
title_full_unstemmed |
Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing |
title_sort |
comparison of sandstone damage measurements based on non-destructive testing |
publisher |
MDPI AG |
series |
Materials |
issn |
1996-1944 |
publishDate |
2020-11-01 |
description |
Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, computed tomography (CT) scan testing, and a destructive test method, elastic modulus testing. Sandstone specimens were subjected to different levels of damage through cyclic loading and different damage variables derived from five different measured parameters—longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity, first wave amplitude attenuation, resistivity, effective bearing area and the elastic modulus—were compared. The results show that the NDT methods all reflect the damage levels for sandstone accurately. The damage variable derived from the P-wave velocity is more consistent with the other damage variables, and the amplitude attenuation is more sensitive to damage. The damage variable derived from the effective bearing area is smaller than that derived from the other NDT measurement parameters. Resistivity provides a more stable measure of damage, and damage derived from the acoustic parameters is less stable. By developing P-wave velocity-to-resistivity models based on theoretical and empirical relationships, it was found that differences between these two damage parameters can be explained by differences between the mechanisms through which they respond to porosity, since the resistivity reflect pore structure, while the P-wave velocity reflects the extent of the continuous medium within the sandstone. |
topic |
non-destructive testing P-wave velocity amplitude attenuation resistivity CT scan sandstone |
url |
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/22/5154 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT duohaoyin comparisonofsandstonedamagemeasurementsbasedonnondestructivetesting AT qianjunxu comparisonofsandstonedamagemeasurementsbasedonnondestructivetesting |
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1724422683275296768 |