Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing

Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, com...

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Main Authors: Duohao Yin, Qianjun Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-11-01
Series:Materials
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/22/5154
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spelling doaj-1a6e9146dba541dd8f4eb34aae8025ff2020-11-25T04:09:14ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-11-01135154515410.3390/ma13225154Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive TestingDuohao Yin0Qianjun Xu1State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaNon-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, computed tomography (CT) scan testing, and a destructive test method, elastic modulus testing. Sandstone specimens were subjected to different levels of damage through cyclic loading and different damage variables derived from five different measured parameters—longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity, first wave amplitude attenuation, resistivity, effective bearing area and the elastic modulus—were compared. The results show that the NDT methods all reflect the damage levels for sandstone accurately. The damage variable derived from the P-wave velocity is more consistent with the other damage variables, and the amplitude attenuation is more sensitive to damage. The damage variable derived from the effective bearing area is smaller than that derived from the other NDT measurement parameters. Resistivity provides a more stable measure of damage, and damage derived from the acoustic parameters is less stable. By developing P-wave velocity-to-resistivity models based on theoretical and empirical relationships, it was found that differences between these two damage parameters can be explained by differences between the mechanisms through which they respond to porosity, since the resistivity reflect pore structure, while the P-wave velocity reflects the extent of the continuous medium within the sandstone.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/22/5154non-destructive testingP-wave velocityamplitude attenuationresistivityCT scansandstone
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Duohao Yin
Qianjun Xu
spellingShingle Duohao Yin
Qianjun Xu
Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
Materials
non-destructive testing
P-wave velocity
amplitude attenuation
resistivity
CT scan
sandstone
author_facet Duohao Yin
Qianjun Xu
author_sort Duohao Yin
title Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
title_short Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
title_full Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
title_fullStr Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing
title_sort comparison of sandstone damage measurements based on non-destructive testing
publisher MDPI AG
series Materials
issn 1996-1944
publishDate 2020-11-01
description Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, computed tomography (CT) scan testing, and a destructive test method, elastic modulus testing. Sandstone specimens were subjected to different levels of damage through cyclic loading and different damage variables derived from five different measured parameters—longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity, first wave amplitude attenuation, resistivity, effective bearing area and the elastic modulus—were compared. The results show that the NDT methods all reflect the damage levels for sandstone accurately. The damage variable derived from the P-wave velocity is more consistent with the other damage variables, and the amplitude attenuation is more sensitive to damage. The damage variable derived from the effective bearing area is smaller than that derived from the other NDT measurement parameters. Resistivity provides a more stable measure of damage, and damage derived from the acoustic parameters is less stable. By developing P-wave velocity-to-resistivity models based on theoretical and empirical relationships, it was found that differences between these two damage parameters can be explained by differences between the mechanisms through which they respond to porosity, since the resistivity reflect pore structure, while the P-wave velocity reflects the extent of the continuous medium within the sandstone.
topic non-destructive testing
P-wave velocity
amplitude attenuation
resistivity
CT scan
sandstone
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/22/5154
work_keys_str_mv AT duohaoyin comparisonofsandstonedamagemeasurementsbasedonnondestructivetesting
AT qianjunxu comparisonofsandstonedamagemeasurementsbasedonnondestructivetesting
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