Study of the Structure of FeOx-CaO-SiO2-MgO and FeOx-CaO-SiO2-MgO-Cu2O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting

Ferrous-calcium-silicate (commonly known as FCS) slags are used in the valuable metal recycling from urban ores through both primary and secondary copper smelting processes. In the present study, the structure of selected FCS-MgO (FCSM) and FCS-MgO-Cu2O-PdO (FCSM-Cu...

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Main Authors:	Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, M. Akbar Rhamdhani, M. Al Hossaini Shuva, Geoffrey A. Brooks
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2020-01-01
Series:	Metals
Subjects:	ferrous-calcium-silicate (fcs) slag black copper smelting slag structure ftir spectrometry e-waste urban ores palladium germanium
Online Access:	https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/78

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spelling	doaj-1a56a872f980444cabacea8bcffd91292020-11-25T03:30:24ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012020-01-011017810.3390/met10010078met10010078Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu SmeltingMohammad Mehedi Hasan0M. Akbar Rhamdhani1M. Al Hossaini Shuva2Geoffrey A. Brooks3Fluid and Process Dynamics (FPD) Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, AustraliaFluid and Process Dynamics (FPD) Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, AustraliaPF Metals Resource Recovery/Envirostream, Melbourne 3101, AustraliaFluid and Process Dynamics (FPD) Group, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne 3122, AustraliaFerrous-calcium-silicate (commonly known as FCS) slags are used in the valuable metal recycling from urban ores through both primary and secondary copper smelting processes. In the present study, the structure of selected FCS-MgO (FCSM) and FCS-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO (FCSM-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO) slags, relevant to the processes, were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Deconvolution of the FTIR spectra was carried out to calculate the relative abundance of different silicate structural units (Q<i><sup>n</sup></i>), the overall degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slags and the oxygen speciation in the FCS slags. It was observed that, for the slag investigated, the relative intensity of both the high-frequency band ≈ 1100 cm<sup>−1</sup> (Q<sup>3</sup>) and low-frequency band ≈ 850 cm<sup>−1</sup> (Q<sup>0</sup>) were affected by Fe/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio, basicity, temperature (T) and oxygen partial pressure (<i>p</i>O<sub>2</sub>). The DOP and the average number of bridging oxygen (BO) were found to decrease with increasing both Fe/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio and basicity. Improved semi-empirical equations were developed to relate the DOP of the slags with chemistry, process parameters and partitioning ratio (i.e., the ratio of the amount of element in the slag phase to metal phase, also known as distribution ratio) of Pd and Ge. Possible reactions, expressed as reactions between metal cations and silicate species, as a way to evaluate thermodynamic properties, are presented herein.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/78ferrous-calcium-silicate (fcs) slagblack copper smeltingslag structureftir spectrometrye-wasteurban orespalladiumgermanium
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Mohammad Mehedi Hasan M. Akbar Rhamdhani M. Al Hossaini Shuva Geoffrey A. Brooks
spellingShingle	Mohammad Mehedi Hasan M. Akbar Rhamdhani M. Al Hossaini Shuva Geoffrey A. Brooks Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting Metals ferrous-calcium-silicate (fcs) slag black copper smelting slag structure ftir spectrometry e-waste urban ores palladium germanium
author_facet	Mohammad Mehedi Hasan M. Akbar Rhamdhani M. Al Hossaini Shuva Geoffrey A. Brooks
author_sort	Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
title	Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting
title_short	Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting
title_full	Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting
title_fullStr	Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting
title_full_unstemmed	Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting
title_sort	study of the structure of feo<i>x</i>-cao-sio<sub>2</sub>-mgo and feo<i>x</i>-cao-sio<sub>2</sub>-mgo-cu<sub>2</sub>o-pdo slags relevant to urban ores processing through cu smelting
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Metals
issn	2075-4701
publishDate	2020-01-01
description	Ferrous-calcium-silicate (commonly known as FCS) slags are used in the valuable metal recycling from urban ores through both primary and secondary copper smelting processes. In the present study, the structure of selected FCS-MgO (FCSM) and FCS-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO (FCSM-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO) slags, relevant to the processes, were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Deconvolution of the FTIR spectra was carried out to calculate the relative abundance of different silicate structural units (Q<i><sup>n</sup></i>), the overall degree of polymerization (DOP) of the slags and the oxygen speciation in the FCS slags. It was observed that, for the slag investigated, the relative intensity of both the high-frequency band ≈ 1100 cm<sup>−1</sup> (Q<sup>3</sup>) and low-frequency band ≈ 850 cm<sup>−1</sup> (Q<sup>0</sup>) were affected by Fe/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio, basicity, temperature (T) and oxygen partial pressure (<i>p</i>O<sub>2</sub>). The DOP and the average number of bridging oxygen (BO) were found to decrease with increasing both Fe/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio and basicity. Improved semi-empirical equations were developed to relate the DOP of the slags with chemistry, process parameters and partitioning ratio (i.e., the ratio of the amount of element in the slag phase to metal phase, also known as distribution ratio) of Pd and Ge. Possible reactions, expressed as reactions between metal cations and silicate species, as a way to evaluate thermodynamic properties, are presented herein.
topic	ferrous-calcium-silicate (fcs) slag black copper smelting slag structure ftir spectrometry e-waste urban ores palladium germanium
url	https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/1/78
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammadmehedihasan studyofthestructureoffeoixicaosiosub2submgoandfeoixicaosiosub2submgocusub2subopdoslagsrelevanttourbanoresprocessingthroughcusmelting AT makbarrhamdhani studyofthestructureoffeoixicaosiosub2submgoandfeoixicaosiosub2submgocusub2subopdoslagsrelevanttourbanoresprocessingthroughcusmelting AT malhossainishuva studyofthestructureoffeoixicaosiosub2submgoandfeoixicaosiosub2submgocusub2subopdoslagsrelevanttourbanoresprocessingthroughcusmelting AT geoffreyabrooks studyofthestructureoffeoixicaosiosub2submgoandfeoixicaosiosub2submgocusub2subopdoslagsrelevanttourbanoresprocessingthroughcusmelting
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Study of the Structure of FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO and FeO<i>x</i>-CaO-SiO<sub>2</sub>-MgO-Cu<sub>2</sub>O-PdO Slags Relevant to Urban Ores Processing through Cu Smelting

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