Soil Moisture Retrievals Using Multi-Temporal Sentinel-1 Data over Nagqu Region of Tibetan Plateau

• Main Authors: Mengying Yang, Hongquan Wang, Cheng Tong, Luyao Zhu, Xiaodong Deng, Jinsong Deng, Ke Wang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-05-01
• Series: Remote Sensing
• Subjects: Sentinel-1; MODIS; soil moisture; water cloud model; Oh model
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/10/1913

This paper presents an approach for retrieval of soil moisture in Nagqu region of Tibetan Plateau using VV-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR and MODIS optical data, by coupling the semi-empirical Oh-2004 model and the Water Cloud Model (WCM). The Oh model is first used to estimate the surface roughness parameter based on the hypothesis that the roughness is invariant among SAR acquisitions. Afterward, the vegetation water content (VWC) in the WCM is calculated from the daily MODIS NDVI data obtained by temporal interpolation. To improve the performance of the model, the parameters A, B, and <i>α</i> of the WCM are analyzed and optimized using randomly selected half of the sampled dataset. Then, the soil moisture is retrieved by minimizing a cost function between the simulated and measured backscattering coefficients. The comparison of the retrieved soil moisture with the ground measurements shows the determination coefficient R² and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) are 0.46 and 0.08 m³/m³, respectively. These results demonstrate the capability and reliability of Sentinel-1 SAR data for estimating the soil moisture over the Tibetan Plateau.