Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure
It has been shown that the exposure to airborne particulate matter is one of the most significant environmental risks people face. Since indoor environment is where people spend the majority of time, in order to protect against this risk, the origin of the particles needs to be understood: do they c...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2017-11-01
|
| Series: | Environment International |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412017306840 |
| id |
doaj-193cbf53d2844ed7bb9d4baf7896ebec |
|---|---|
| record_format |
Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
L. Morawska G.A. Ayoko G.N. Bae G. Buonanno C.Y.H. Chao S. Clifford S.C. Fu O. Hänninen C. He C. Isaxon M. Mazaheri T. Salthammer M.S. Waring A. Wierzbicka |
| spellingShingle |
L. Morawska G.A. Ayoko G.N. Bae G. Buonanno C.Y.H. Chao S. Clifford S.C. Fu O. Hänninen C. He C. Isaxon M. Mazaheri T. Salthammer M.S. Waring A. Wierzbicka Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure Environment International |
| author_facet |
L. Morawska G.A. Ayoko G.N. Bae G. Buonanno C.Y.H. Chao S. Clifford S.C. Fu O. Hänninen C. He C. Isaxon M. Mazaheri T. Salthammer M.S. Waring A. Wierzbicka |
| author_sort |
L. Morawska |
| title |
Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure |
| title_short |
Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure |
| title_full |
Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure |
| title_fullStr |
Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposure |
| title_sort |
airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: the main routes of exposure |
| publisher |
Elsevier |
| series |
Environment International |
| issn |
0160-4120 |
| publishDate |
2017-11-01 |
| description |
It has been shown that the exposure to airborne particulate matter is one of the most significant environmental risks people face. Since indoor environment is where people spend the majority of time, in order to protect against this risk, the origin of the particles needs to be understood: do they come from indoor, outdoor sources or both? Further, this question needs to be answered separately for each of the PM mass/number size fractions, as they originate from different sources. Numerous studies have been conducted for specific indoor environments or under specific setting. Here our aim was to go beyond the specifics of individual studies, and to explore, based on pooled data from the literature, whether there are generalizable trends in routes of exposure at homes, schools and day cares, offices and aged care facilities. To do this, we quantified the overall 24h and occupancy weighted means of PM10, PM2.5 and PN - particle number concentration. Based on this, we developed a summary of the indoor versus outdoor origin of indoor particles and compared the means to the WHO guidelines (for PM10 and PM2.5) and to the typical levels reported for urban environments (PN). We showed that the main origins of particle metrics differ from one type of indoor environment to another. For homes, outdoor air is the main origin of PM10 and PM2.5 but PN originate from indoor sources; for schools and day cares, outdoor air is the source of PN while PM10 and PM2.5 have indoor sources; and for offices, outdoor air is the source of all three particle size fractions. While each individual building is different, leading to differences in exposure and ideally necessitating its own assessment (which is very rarely done), our findings point to the existence of generalizable trends for the main types of indoor environments where people spend time, and therefore to the type of prevention measures which need to be considered in general for these environments. Keywords: Indoor particulate matter, Indoor aerosols, Indoor ultrafine particles, Home indoor particles, School indoor particles, Office indoor particles, Child care indoor particles, Aged care indoor particles |
| url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412017306840 |
| work_keys_str_mv |
AT lmorawska airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT gaayoko airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT gnbae airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT gbuonanno airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT cyhchao airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT sclifford airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT scfu airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT ohanninen airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT che airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT cisaxon airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT mmazaheri airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT tsalthammer airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT mswaring airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure AT awierzbicka airborneparticlesinindoorenvironmentofhomesschoolsofficesandagedcarefacilitiesthemainroutesofexposure |
| _version_ |
1725858499967057920 |
| spelling |
doaj-193cbf53d2844ed7bb9d4baf7896ebec2020-11-24T21:56:33ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202017-11-011087583Airborne particles in indoor environment of homes, schools, offices and aged care facilities: The main routes of exposureL. Morawska0G.A. Ayoko1G.N. Bae2G. Buonanno3C.Y.H. Chao4S. Clifford5S.C. Fu6O. Hänninen7C. He8C. Isaxon9M. Mazaheri10T. Salthammer11M.S. Waring12A. Wierzbicka13International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Corresponding author at: International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AustraliaCenter for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of KoreaInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Department of Engineering, University of Naples “Parthenope”, Isola C4 Centro Direzionale, Naples, Italy; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via Di Biasio 43, Cassino (FR), ItalyDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong KongInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, AustraliaDepartment of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong KongNational Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Environmental Health, POB 95/Neulaniementie 4, FI-70701 Kuopio, FinlandInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AustraliaDivision of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, AustraliaInternational Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia; Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, Bienroder Weg 54 E, 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyDrexel University, Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADivision of Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, SwedenIt has been shown that the exposure to airborne particulate matter is one of the most significant environmental risks people face. Since indoor environment is where people spend the majority of time, in order to protect against this risk, the origin of the particles needs to be understood: do they come from indoor, outdoor sources or both? Further, this question needs to be answered separately for each of the PM mass/number size fractions, as they originate from different sources. Numerous studies have been conducted for specific indoor environments or under specific setting. Here our aim was to go beyond the specifics of individual studies, and to explore, based on pooled data from the literature, whether there are generalizable trends in routes of exposure at homes, schools and day cares, offices and aged care facilities. To do this, we quantified the overall 24h and occupancy weighted means of PM10, PM2.5 and PN - particle number concentration. Based on this, we developed a summary of the indoor versus outdoor origin of indoor particles and compared the means to the WHO guidelines (for PM10 and PM2.5) and to the typical levels reported for urban environments (PN). We showed that the main origins of particle metrics differ from one type of indoor environment to another. For homes, outdoor air is the main origin of PM10 and PM2.5 but PN originate from indoor sources; for schools and day cares, outdoor air is the source of PN while PM10 and PM2.5 have indoor sources; and for offices, outdoor air is the source of all three particle size fractions. While each individual building is different, leading to differences in exposure and ideally necessitating its own assessment (which is very rarely done), our findings point to the existence of generalizable trends for the main types of indoor environments where people spend time, and therefore to the type of prevention measures which need to be considered in general for these environments. Keywords: Indoor particulate matter, Indoor aerosols, Indoor ultrafine particles, Home indoor particles, School indoor particles, Office indoor particles, Child care indoor particles, Aged care indoor particleshttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412017306840 |