| Summary: | Introduction
Aim: To estimate changes in the last decade in mortality and morbidity due to smoking and second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure in adults from the 28 European Countries within the Project “Tackling second-hand tobacco smoke and e-cigarette emissions: exposure assessment, novel interventions, impact on lung diseases and economic burden in diverse European populations” (TackSHS) funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.
Methods
We identified the diseases causally linked with SHS exposure in adults and we estimated the burden attributable to smoking and household SHS exposure using the comparative risk assessment methodology. We estimated the population attributable fractions (PAFs) selecting relative risks (RR) of mortality/disease from the most recent meta-analyses and extracting the prevalence of smoking and SHS exposure from the Eurobarometer surveys 2006-2014. Since the Eurobarometer surveys 2010-2014 asked only for SHS exposure in workplaces and in public revenues, we estimated the household SHS exposure in a multiple imputation framework. The burden due to smoking and SHS exposure was estimated applying the PAFs to the observed number of deaths extracted from the Eurostat website and to the disability adjusted life years (DALYs) estimated by summing the Global Burden of Disease estimates of years lived with disability and the Eurostat observed years of life lost.
Results and Conclusion
The diseases causally linked to SHS were lung cancer, ischemic heart disease, asthma and stroke. The trend in the PAFs and in the number of deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking and SHS exposure for the 28 European Countries will be presented.
Funding
This document was developed under the Project TackSHS that received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 681040.
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