A typological analysis of calque in Romanian maritime terminology

• Main Author: Corina Sandiuc
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Naval Academy Press 2018-06-01
• Series: Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy
• Online Access: https://www.anmb.ro/buletinstiintific/buletine/2018_Issue1/04_FAR/70.pdf

The linguistic contact between French and Romanian had major effects on the formation of the Romanian maritime terminology. There are three major ways in which this linguistic influence took place: the loan, the calque (loan translation), and the translation. The purpose of the present paper is to draw a typology of calque, taking as reference the classification and the theory expressed by the Romanian linguist Theodor Hristea. Our analysis will cover only certain types of calques because the structure of the Romanian maritime terminology is necessarily limited to some recurrent categories, such as lexical calque, semantic calque, phraseological calque (idiomatic and non-idiomatic), and grammatical calque. It appears that most of the linguistic calques existing in the Romanian maritime vocabulary are lexical in nature. Moreover, the semantic calque has provided us with one of the richest sources of linguistic material, especially since the calque also deals with the cases of metaphorization, metonymy, synecdoche, and manifests itself in parallel with the passage from one register to another of a maritime term. In the complex classification of the non-idiomatic phraseological calques, we will use the morphological criterion to analyze the maritime phraseological units according to the parts of speech they comprise. Thus, we can have constructions following the patterns: noun + noun (Nominative), noun + noun (Genitive), noun + preposition + noun, noun + adjective, adjective + noun, etc.