PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis
Arabidopsis plants adapt to high ambient temperature by a suite of morphological changes including elongation of hypocotyls and petioles and leaf hyponastic growth. These morphological changes are collectively called thermomorphogenesis and are believed to increase leaf cooling capacity by enhancing...
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doaj-1748026c1e08486ea2affe98ebe78cfe2020-11-24T21:54:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2017-07-01810.3389/fpls.2017.01320282656PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in ArabidopsisGeonhee Hwang0Jia-Ying Zhu1Young K. Lee2Young K. Lee3Sara Kim4Thom T. Nguyen5Jungmook Kim6Eunkyoo Oh7Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South KoreaDepartment of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, StanfordCA, United StatesCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring HarborNY, United StatesDivision of Biological Sciences and Institute for Basic Science, Wonkwang UniversityIksan, South KoreaDepartment of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South KoreaDepartment of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South KoreaDepartment of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South KoreaDepartment of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National UniversityGwangju, South KoreaArabidopsis plants adapt to high ambient temperature by a suite of morphological changes including elongation of hypocotyls and petioles and leaf hyponastic growth. These morphological changes are collectively called thermomorphogenesis and are believed to increase leaf cooling capacity by enhancing transpiration efficiency, thereby increasing tolerance to heat stress. The bHLH transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) has been identified as a major regulator of thermomorphogenic growth. Here, we show that PIF4 promotes the expression of two homologous genes LONGIFOLIA1 (LNG1) and LONGIFOLIA2 (LNG2) that have been reported to regulate leaf morphology. ChIP-Seq analyses and ChIP assays showed that PIF4 directly binds to the promoters of both LNG1 and LNG2. The expression of LNG1 and LNG2 is induced by high temperature in wild type plants. However, the high temperature activation of LNG1 and LNG2 is compromised in the pif4 mutant, indicating that PIF4 directly regulates LNG1 and LNG2 expression in response to high ambient temperatures. We further show that the activities of LNGs support thermomorphogenic growth. The expression of auxin biosynthetic and responsive genes is decreased in the lng quadruple mutant, implying that LNGs promote thermomorphogenic growth by activating the auxin pathway. Together, our results demonstrate that LNG1 and LNG2 are directly regulated by PIF4 and are new components for the regulation of thermomorphogenesis.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01320/fullArabidopsishigh temperature stressthermomorphogenesisPIF4LNGgene expression |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Geonhee Hwang Jia-Ying Zhu Young K. Lee Young K. Lee Sara Kim Thom T. Nguyen Jungmook Kim Eunkyoo Oh |
spellingShingle |
Geonhee Hwang Jia-Ying Zhu Young K. Lee Young K. Lee Sara Kim Thom T. Nguyen Jungmook Kim Eunkyoo Oh PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis Frontiers in Plant Science Arabidopsis high temperature stress thermomorphogenesis PIF4 LNG gene expression |
author_facet |
Geonhee Hwang Jia-Ying Zhu Young K. Lee Young K. Lee Sara Kim Thom T. Nguyen Jungmook Kim Eunkyoo Oh |
author_sort |
Geonhee Hwang |
title |
PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis |
title_short |
PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis |
title_full |
PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis |
title_fullStr |
PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis |
title_full_unstemmed |
PIF4 Promotes Expression of LNG1 and LNG2 to Induce Thermomorphogenic Growth in Arabidopsis |
title_sort |
pif4 promotes expression of lng1 and lng2 to induce thermomorphogenic growth in arabidopsis |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
series |
Frontiers in Plant Science |
issn |
1664-462X |
publishDate |
2017-07-01 |
description |
Arabidopsis plants adapt to high ambient temperature by a suite of morphological changes including elongation of hypocotyls and petioles and leaf hyponastic growth. These morphological changes are collectively called thermomorphogenesis and are believed to increase leaf cooling capacity by enhancing transpiration efficiency, thereby increasing tolerance to heat stress. The bHLH transcription factor PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) has been identified as a major regulator of thermomorphogenic growth. Here, we show that PIF4 promotes the expression of two homologous genes LONGIFOLIA1 (LNG1) and LONGIFOLIA2 (LNG2) that have been reported to regulate leaf morphology. ChIP-Seq analyses and ChIP assays showed that PIF4 directly binds to the promoters of both LNG1 and LNG2. The expression of LNG1 and LNG2 is induced by high temperature in wild type plants. However, the high temperature activation of LNG1 and LNG2 is compromised in the pif4 mutant, indicating that PIF4 directly regulates LNG1 and LNG2 expression in response to high ambient temperatures. We further show that the activities of LNGs support thermomorphogenic growth. The expression of auxin biosynthetic and responsive genes is decreased in the lng quadruple mutant, implying that LNGs promote thermomorphogenic growth by activating the auxin pathway. Together, our results demonstrate that LNG1 and LNG2 are directly regulated by PIF4 and are new components for the regulation of thermomorphogenesis. |
topic |
Arabidopsis high temperature stress thermomorphogenesis PIF4 LNG gene expression |
url |
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01320/full |
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