Periostin-Binding DNA Aptamer Treatment Ameliorates Peritoneal Dialysis-Induced Peritoneal Fibrosis

• Main Authors: Bo Young Nam, Jung Tak Park, Young Eun Kwon, Jung Pyo Lee, Jong Ha Jung, Youndong Kim, Seonghun Kim, Jimin Park, Jae Eun Um, Meiyan Wu, Seung Hyeok Han, Tae-Hyun Yoo, Shin-Wook Kang
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier 2017-06-01
• Series: Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
• Subjects: peritoneal dialysis; fibrosis; periostin; aptamer; TGF-β1
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253117301713

Peritoneal fibrosis is a major complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, which leads to dialysis discontinuation. Periostin, increased by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) stimulation, induces the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes. Aberrant periostin expression has been demonstrated to be associated with PD-related peritoneal fibrosis. Therefore, the effect of periostin inhibition by an aptamer-based inhibitor on peritoneal fibrosis was evaluated. In vitro, TGF-β1 treatment upregulated periostin, fibronectin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and Snail expression and reduced E-cadherin expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). Periostin small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment ameliorated the TGF-β1-induced periostin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and Snail expression and restored E-cadherin expression in HPMCs. Similarly, the periostin-binding DNA aptamer (PA) also attenuated fibronectin, α-SMA, and Snail upregulation and E-cadherin downregulation in TGF-β1-stimulated HPMCs. In mice treated with PD solution for 4 weeks, the expression of periostin, fibronectin, α-SMA, and Snail was significantly increased in the peritoneum, whereas E-cadherin expression was significantly decreased. The thickness of the submesothelial layer and the intensity of Masson’s trichrome staining in the PD group were significantly increased compared to the untreated group. These changes were significantly abrogated by the intraperitoneal administration of PA. These findings suggest that PA can be a potential therapeutic strategy for peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients.