Dexmedetomidine protects against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion-induced renal damage in rats

• Main Authors: Osama M. Assad, Dina A. Aly Labib, Laila Ahmed Rashed
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2018-01-01
• Series: Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia
• Subjects: Dexmedetomidine; Ischaemia reperfusion; Anti-oxidant; Kidney; Rats
• Online Access: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S111018491730301X

Background: Myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (MI/R) may induce renal damage. Our aim was to investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) administration at two different timings either before or after ischaemia on renal damage induced by MI/R. Methods: MI/R injury was induced in a rat model. we ligated the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min (ischaemic period), then reperfusion occurred for 2 h (reperfusion period). A single dose of DEX (100 µg/kg) was given intraperitoneally, either 30 min before myocardial ischaemia or 5 min after reperfusion. With the end of reperfusion period, rats were sacrificed, then we collected the blood and removed both kidneys quickly for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Results: MI/R caused an elevation in serum urea and creatinine, significant elevation in malondialdehyde (MDA) release and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the rat kidney. There were also higher levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). Treatment with dexmedetomidine, 30 min before induction of myocardial ischaemia, succeeded to improve all the tested parameters. The valuable changes in these biochemical parameters were linked with similar enhancement in the histopathological appearance of the kidney. Meanwhile, DEX given 5 min after reperfusion improved serum urea and creatinine only. Conclusion: These findings imply that MI/R plays a fundamental role in kidney damage through increased production of oxygen radicals or deficiency in antioxidants, and DEX given before ischaemia exerts reno-protective effects probably by its radical scavenging antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory mechanism.